Slope Stability Analyses in Stiff Fissured Clays

Stark, Timothy D.; Eid, Hisham T.

doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(1997)123:4(335)

Cited by 109 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…23 % (Pichler, 1989), while exhibiting a large difference between the fully softened and residual friction angles (mainly in the upper 30-40 m with low diagenetic hardening). It is thought that the mobilised shear strength is lower than the fully softened shear strength and is approaching the residual value in these stiff-fissured claystones (Stark and Eid, 1997). Hence, the value of safety factor (SF) well reflects the interannual fluctuations of water table respective of pore water pressure, and the landslide activity followed changes in dry/wet periods of the year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-induced landslide reactivation at the edge of the Most Basin (Czech Republic) – progress towards better landslide prediction

Burda

Hartvich

Valenta

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The catastrophic landslide at Eisenberg in North Bohemia was reactivated during January 2011. This study integrates a range of geoscientific evidence in order to constrain the spatial and temporal development of this reactivation. It has investigated long-term geodetic measurements to assess the morphological development of the site over the last two decades. There is evidence to suggest that, over this period, the site had been subjected to progressive deformation caused by the collapse of an old mine gallery. However, climatic data show that the reactivation itself was triggered by a dramatic rise in the water table induced by rapid snowmelt during a period of winter warming. Furthermore, geomorphological mapping has been used to characterise the morphology of the reactivated landslide and geophysical profiling has been used to analyse its internal structure. The results show that fissures are continuing to develop above the reactivated landslide scarp while highly saturated stiff-fissured claystones provide an incipient slide plane. The application of laser scanning has shown minimal evidence for ongoing landslide activity. It is, however, clear that future landslide events will occur here due to the favourable lithological, structural, and geotechnical conditions. Finally, we propose that future landslide activity at the site may be predicted by the height of water table as this defines theoretical pore pressure at the depth of the shear plane.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-induced landslide reactivation at the edge of the Most Basin (Czech Republic) – progress towards better landslide prediction

Burda

Hartvich

Valenta

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…This question has been discussed by some authors and also in the case of Aznalcóllar. An answer is given in Figure 12, which shows results complied by Stark and Eid (1997) and the slope stability results of the case of Aznalcóllar. The plot shows, for backanalyzed cases reported by Stark and Eid (1997), the stress ratio mobilized at failure and two additional values for each of the cases represented: the so-called "fully softened stress ratio" and the residual stress ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The data by Stark and Eid (1997) and Aznalcóllar tend to indicate that the prevailing average friction at failure is halfway between fully softened (or peak) and residual friction angles. Other contributions supporting the fact that a mobilized shear strength of claystones may be at an intermediate value between the fully softened strength and residual strength have been reported by Chandler (1984), Mesri and Abdel-Ghaffar (1993) and Potts et al (1997).However, there is nothing fundamental in this observation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Slope stability in slightly fissured claystones and marls

Alonso

Pinyol

2014

Landslides

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ABSTRACT:The paper deals with the behaviour of some characteristic soft rocks found in the Iberian Peninsula. In geological terms they belong to Tertiary basins, the Keuper period and the Jurassic-Cretacic transition. The discussion is organized around the following aspects: (a) the intact material and its brittle behaviour; (b) the weathering action of atmospheric events; (c) the persistent discontinuities and scale effects; and (d) the modification of strength after failure. In all cases instability phenomena are addressed in connection with several case histories.Regarding material brittleness and the initial stress state, two cases of first time failures are discussed. Practical implications concerning the selection of operative strength will be given Field observations of the relevance of weathering and, also, on the rate of weathering, are given for a Weald claystone. Field observations emphasize the importance of sharp transitions between weathered and intact (or slightly weathered) levels A recent long term laboratory investigation on the nature of degradation will be summarized. Macroscopic variables such as stiffness and tensile strength have been found to be uniquely predicted by a degradation law in terms of the accumulated plastic deformations.Persistent discontinuities and, in particular, sedimentation planes, play a dominant role to explain slope failures not related to the shallow failures, usually associated with weathered profiles. The strength of discontinuities in a Weald formation was investigated by means of tests performed at two scales.Finally, the evolution in time of residual strength induced by chemical actions, associated with groundwater flow, is highlighted in connection with actual field data of unstable slopes.

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“…Cette interprétation n'implique donc pas la prise en compte d'une ré-orientation des particules d'argile. Stark et Eid (1994) ont considéré le fait que le processus de ramollissement implique une perte de la cohésion drainée associée à des conditions de pic. Les angles de frottement drainé, de pic et en condition de ramollisse ment, seraient, dans ce cas, similaires.…”

Section: 4unclassified

“…Dans une étude expérimentale de la valeur adoptée par la résistance « complètement ramollie » des argiles raides et fissu rées, Stark et Eid (1994) ont mis en relation le rapport des contraintes (/ '), lors de la rupture avec la limite de liquidité et la proportion d'argile du sol. Ils ont ensuite réexaminé une série de cas de glissement ini tial dans des argiles raides et fissurées.…”

Section: 4unclassified

Comportement des barrages fondés sur des argiles fortement consolidées

Alonso

2009

Rev. Fr. Geotech.

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Résumé Behaviour of dams founded on strongly overconsolidated clays Aznalcóllar dam failure AbstractThis article descibes the failure of Aznalcóllar dam founded on the overconsolidated high-plasticity clay. The rockfill dam slid forward and released a flow of acid-satured tailings. The geology and geotechnical properties of the site are presented. The geotechnical studies involved a laboratory testing programme on the tailings materials and overconsolidated clays. An analysis of the conditions that led to the failure of the dam is made. Pore water pressures prevailing in the foundation clay at the time of failure have been established. Both limit equilibrium and finite element analysis are used to back-analyse the failure and to derive representative strenght parameters along the failure surface. The motion of the Aznalcóllar dam slide, after the initiation of failure, is examined and a simple sliding model is presented. The model is able to reproduce closely the distance travelled by the dam. The analysis also provides some information on several unknown aspects of the motion (acceleration, maximum velocity, factors which stopped the motion). The articles concludes with a final discussion on the most important reasons for the failure of the Aznalcóllar dam.

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Slope Stability Analyses in Stiff Fissured Clays

Cited by 109 publications

References 23 publications

Climate-induced landslide reactivation at the edge of the Most Basin (Czech Republic) – progress towards better landslide prediction

Climate-induced landslide reactivation at the edge of the Most Basin (Czech Republic) – progress towards better landslide prediction

Slope stability in slightly fissured claystones and marls

Comportement des barrages fondés sur des argiles fortement consolidées

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