Slope of Gradients for Performance as a Function of Achievement Motive, Goal Distance in Time, and Future Time Orientation

Gjesme, Torgrim

doi:10.1080/00223980.1975.9915808

Cited by 60 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Gjesme, 1975;Horstmanshof & Zimitat, 2007;Husman & Lens, 1999;Lens, Simons & Dewitte, 2001;McInerney, 2004;Peetsma, 2000) has focused on the assumption that stress on future is THE OLIVE TREE EFFECT instrumental towards increasing students' motivation to study. Lens & Tsuzuki (2005) and Simons, Lens, Dewitte and Vansteenkikste (2004) have suggested for instance that understanding the future benefits of present learning tasks creates an instrumental motivation for students.…”

Section: When the Future Is Threateningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The olive tree effect: Future time perspective when the future is uncertain

Morselli

2013

Culture & Psychology

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Different fields of psychology have shown that future time perspective (FTP) has an important role in changing individual attitudes and behaviours. However, recent societal conditions, like the economic crises of the Western world, may have changed the meaning itself of the future, passing from hope to threat. This article discusses possible consequences of this change of sign of the future and the implications of future time perspective as an educational strategy in multicultural context. Synthesizing the concepts of future time orientation and generativity, a distinction between personal and social FTP is proposed. Whereas personal FTP is oriented to personal achievement and can be embedded into the Western culture but not into other cultures, social FTP is proposed as a resource for community building. Social FTP stresses the importance of the survival of the community, focusing on long-term and inclusive goals which transcend individual personal achievement. Social FTP is proposed as a cross-cultural tool for improving intergroup and interpersonal relations.

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Section: When the Future Is Threateningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The olive tree effect: Future time perspective when the future is uncertain

Morselli

2013

Culture & Psychology

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“…It is characterized by "extension" and "valence" (see e.g., Gjesme, 1975;Lens, 1986). Perspective refers to the representation of certain events or objects in the near or more distant future.…”

Section: Students' Goals and Time Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between adolescents’ self-evaluations, time perspectives, motivation for school and their achievement in different countries and at different ages

et al. 2005

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The present study focused on the relations between the self-efficacy, social self-concept, time perspectives, school investment and academic achievement of students in four different European countries and in different adolescence periods. A total of 1623 students completed questionnaires. The relations between the concepts proved not to be specific to the Western or to the former Communist bloc countries studied. The expected general decline in investment and academic achievement over the adolescence period showed up in all four countries studied. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, this decline could not be explained by growing influences of either social selfconcept or time perspectives regarding personal development on their investment. In fact, the effects of social self-concept were strongest for the youngest adolescence group. Students' social self-concept was the best predictor for their investment, while self-efficacy proved to predict academic achievement best in all adolescence periods.We would like to thank our German colleague Ingrid Osten and our Czech colleagues Jarmila Antosova, Jitka Tomkova and Jan Lasek for their cooperation in this study.

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“…Las diferencias individuales en la extensión (longitud y profundidad) de la PTF no resultan sólo del establecimiento de la meta motivacional; también tienen consecuencias motivacionales (De Volder y Lens, 1982;Gjesme, 1975;Lens, 1986;Raynor & Entin, 1982). Ellas afectan la intensidad de la búsqueda de la meta presente, por ejemplo en la motivación estudiantil.…”

Section: Efectos Motivacionales De La Perspectiva De Tiempo Futurounclassified

“…Los efectos motivacionales de las jerarquías de tarea y de tiempo son opuestos. Basán-dose en las hipótesis sobre gradiente de metas de Miller, Raynor asumió y encontró (Raynor & Entin, 1982), como Gjesme (1975), que la motivación de logro resultante típica será más intensa cuando la longitud cronológica de la senda es más corta.…”

Section: El Futuro En La Motivación De Logrounclassified

“…Aún más, los datos empíricos de Gjesme (1974Gjesme ( , 1976 muestran que "... la aparición de motivos se incrementa conforme la distancia a la meta en el tiempo decrece" (Gjesme, 1981, p. 124). Pero más importante que la distancia cronológica hacia la meta de logro futura, es la duración subjetivamente anticipada de ese intervalo de tiempo (Gjesme, 1975). Y esto depende de la perspectiva del tiempo futuro individual o de la orientación del tiempo futuro.…”

Section: El Futuro En La Motivación De Logrounclassified

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