Slope length effects on processes of total nitrogen loss under simulated rainfall

Xing, Weimin; Yang, Peiling; Ren, Shumei; Ao, Chang; Li, Xu; Gao, Wenhui

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2015.12.008

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Some mulch, such as wood shreds, is not effective in mitigating sediment on decommissioned forest roads because of wash away after the first rainfall events (Foltz 2012), which should be considered when applying litter and straw mulch on the compacted bare soil. Similar to our data, Xing et al (2016) reported that increasing mulch cover increases the runoff and sediment due to enhanced water infiltration and reinfiltration processes. We observed that the straw mulch was sensitive to wind, which led to the removal of the straw mulch from the surface soil and also to inconsistent mulch coverage of machine operating trails, which was confirmed by previous observations (Robichaud et al 2013, Jourgholami andEtehadi Abari 2017).…”

Section: Litter and Strawsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These results are consistent with the findings by Wagenbrenner et al (2010) and Robichaud et al (2013), who stated that the depth and thickness of mulch cover can influence the generation of runoff and sediment yield. Furthermore, when the applying rates of litter and straw mulch were increased, the surface flow continuity could not be formed and overland flow decreased (Xing et al 2016, Zhang et al 2018. In line with previous studies (Li et al 2014, Jourgholami et al 2018b, Jourgholami et al 2019a), our study indicated that both litter and straw absorb the raindrop and throughfall energy, increase the surface roughness, which leads to increased infiltration rate, delayed concentration time, and reduced runoff and sediment yield.…”

Section: Litter and Strawsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Effectiveness of Three Post-Harvest Rehabilitation Treatments for Runoff and Sediment Reduction on Skid Trails in the Hyrcanian Forests

Jourgholami

Ahmadi

Tavankar

et al. 2020

Croat. j. for. eng. (Online)

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Ground-based skidding operations can lead to soil compaction and displacement, which could cause negative effects on forest soil. Hence, some efforts such as forestry best management practices (BMPs) must be implemented in the prone area to mitigate these possible impacts. Several materials and treatments have been adopted to suppress these adverse effects by increasing the ground cover. However, the effects of mulch treatments on runoff and sediment yield are inconclusive with a diverse range of effectiveness. For these reasons, in this research mulch treatments were tested as to determine how the application of organic mulch amendments such as straw and leaf litter and contour-felled logs would alleviate the runoff and sediment yield on machine operating trails and ensure successful hillslope stabilization. The aims of the study were to analyse and compare the effectiveness of leaf litter (LM) and straw mulch (SM) rate and different distances of contour-felled logs (CFL) to mitigate the runoff and sediment yield, and examine the impact of rainfall intensity on effectiveness of litter mulch, straw mulch, and contour-felled logs. Totally, 30 bounded runoff plots in the machine operating trails and four treatments including litter mulch (LMR1: 0.62, LMR2: 1.24, and LMR3: 1.86 kg m-2), straw mulch (SMR1: 0.45, SMR2: 0.92, and SMR3: 1.34 kg m-2), contour-felled logs (CFL10: 10, CFL20: 20, and CFL30: 30 m), and untreated area were established in triplicate with 4 m width and 100 m length. During the study period, the runoff and sediment yield in the untreated trails (U) were 2.36 mm and 11.84 g m-2. Straw (from 41.5 to 60.6%) and litter mulch (from 38.1 to 55.1%), and contour-felled logs treatments (from 70.8 to 88.1%) significantly decreased the runoff, compared to U treatment. Results show that mulch treatments with three different levels of Litter Mulch Rate, LMR1, LMR2, and LMR3 decreased mean sediment by 46.6, 64.0 and 71.8%, in the treatments with three different levels of Straw Mulch Rate, SMR1, SMR2, and SMR3 decreased mean sediment by 42.9, 62.1, and 69.9%, and in the treatments with three different distances of Contour-Felled Logs, CFL10, CFL20, and CFL30 decreased mean sediment by 90.6, 94.7 and 88.3% comparing to U, respectively. The relationships of the runoff and sediment responses to increasing mulching rate of litter and straw followed as negative logarithmic curves, but the decreasing-increasing trends were observed in runoff and sediment yield as the distance between contour-felled logs increased from 10 to 30 m. Polynomial regression equations were developed for predicting the runoff and sediment yield as a function of the application rate of litter and straw mulch and the distance between contour-felled logs, and rainfall intensity. We concluded that contour-felled logs treatment was more effective than both litter and straw mulch to mitigate the runoff, runoff coefficient, and sediment yield on machine operating trails. As a management measure, it could be possible to propose that the contour-felled logs with a distance of 20 m be prescribed to protect the machine operating trails from the negative effects of surface waterflow.

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Section: Litter and Strawsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Litter and Strawsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effectiveness of Three Post-Harvest Rehabilitation Treatments for Runoff and Sediment Reduction on Skid Trails in the Hyrcanian Forests

Jourgholami

Ahmadi

Tavankar

et al. 2020

Croat. j. for. eng. (Online)

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“…There are many factors affecting soil erosion process of slope lands, including rainfall intensity [10,16,17], soil types [18][19][20][21], vegetation coverage [22][23][24][25][26], soil moisture stages, slope, and tillage measurements. Overall, these factors can be classified into two categories: rainfall factors and underlying surface factors [27][28][29][30][31]. The relative importance of these factors generally varies with regions [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Runoff and Sediment Yields Under Different Crop and Tillage Conditions by Field Artificial Rainfall Experiments

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2019

Water

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Crop types and tillage measures on slopes have significant impacts on regional water and soil conservation. In this study, we investigated the influences of multiple crop types and tillage measures on water and sediment yields based on plot-scale experiments under artificial rainfall. The objective of the study is to find the best combination of crop type and tillage measure from the perspective of reducing soil erosion. We performed artificial rainfall experiments under eight slope treatments, which are the bare-land (BL, as a reference), peanut monoculture (PL), corn monoculture (CL), bare land (upper slope) mixed with peanut monoculture (lower slope) (BP), corn and peanut intercropping (TCP), corn and soybean intercropping (TCS), downslope ridge cultivation (BS) slope, and straw-mulched (SC), respectively. Under similar rainfall intensity and initial soil moisture conditions, these treatments except for BS efficiently reduced sediment yield compared to the BL slope. In comparison, the most effective slope treatment to reduce soil erosion is TCP, followed by PL and TCS. The amount of sediment yielded from the three treatments accounts for 0.4%, 2.0%, and 3.3% of the sediment yielded from BL. We recommend the three slope treatments as the preferred choices among eight treatments. Also, the lower sediment yield in the three slope treatments benefits from their higher vegetation coverage. Vegetation coverage plays a greater role in regulating sediment yield than the surface runoff at a plot scale.

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“…With control of point source contamination, nonpoint source (NPS) contamination has become dominant cause of water contamination due to its multi-source, wide distribution, the difficulty of controlling it and so on [4][5][6]. Nowadays, identifying effect factors and their mechanisms of influence on NPS pollutant exports have become research hotspots in the field of NPS pollution control [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence Mechanisms of Rainfall and Terrain Characteristics on Total Nitrogen Losses from Regosol

Ding

Xue

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:The upper reach of the Yangtze River is an ecologically sensitive region where water loss, soil erosion, and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution are serious issues. In this drainage area, regosol is the most widely distributed soil type. Cultivation on regosol is extensive and total nitrogen (TN) has become a common NPS pollutant. Artificial rainfall experiments were conducted to reveal the influence mechanisms of rainfall and terrain on TN losses from regosol. The results showed that there were positive correlations between precipitations and TN loads but negative ones between precipitations and TN concentrations. Furthermore, negative correlations were more obvious on fields with slopes of 5 • and 25 • than on other slopes. With increasing rainfall intensity, TN loads rose simultaneously. However, TN concentration in runoff-yielding time presented a decline over time. As far as terrain was concerned, TN loads grew generally but not limitlessly when slopes increased. Similarly, TN concentrations also rose with rising slopes; upward trends were more obvious for steeper slopes. Furthermore, the initial runoff-yielding time became longer for steeper slopes and the differences under various rainfall intensity conditions diminished gradually.

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Slope length effects on processes of total nitrogen loss under simulated rainfall

Cited by 71 publications

References 37 publications

Effectiveness of Three Post-Harvest Rehabilitation Treatments for Runoff and Sediment Reduction on Skid Trails in the Hyrcanian Forests

Effectiveness of Three Post-Harvest Rehabilitation Treatments for Runoff and Sediment Reduction on Skid Trails in the Hyrcanian Forests

Investigation of Runoff and Sediment Yields Under Different Crop and Tillage Conditions by Field Artificial Rainfall Experiments

Influence Mechanisms of Rainfall and Terrain Characteristics on Total Nitrogen Losses from Regosol

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