Slope‐Dominated Carbon Anode with High Specific Capacity and Superior Rate Capability for High Safety Na‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

The comprehensive performance of carbon anodes for Na-ion batteries (NIBs) is largely restricted by their inferior rate capability and safety issues.H erein, as lope-dominated carbon anode is achieved at alow temperature of 800 8 8C, which delivers ah igh reversible capacity of 263 mA hg À1 at 0.15C with an impressive initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 80 %. When paired with the NaNi 1/3 Fe 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 cathode,t he reversible capacity at 6C is still 75 %ofthat at 0.15C,and 73 %ofthe capacity is retained after 1000 cycles at 3C.T he enhanced Na storage performance could be attributed to the unique microstructure with randomly oriented short carbon layers and the relatively higher defect concentration. Given its robustness, such al ow-temperature carbonization strategy could also be applicable to other precursors and provide an ew opportunity to design slope-dominated carbon anodes for high safety,lowcost NIBs with excellent ICE and superior rate capability.

Quasi-Solid-State Dual-Ion Sodium Metal Batteries for Low-Cost Energy Storage

“…1 However, considering the limited lithium mineral reserves and their uneven distribution in the earth's crust, gigawatt-scale applications (e.g., grid-connected stationary energy storage) via lithium-ion batteries are not viable economically. [2][3][4] As a result, rechargeable sodium (Na)-based batteries have been developed as inexpensive alternatives due to the rich natural abundance of Na compared with lithium. 5,6 Notably, Na metal possesses low electrochemical potential (À2.714 V versus standard hydrogen electrode) and high theoretical specific energy (1,165 mAh g À1 ), which makes it an ideal anode candidate for Nabased batteries.…”

High-performance sodium-ion batteries with a hard carbon anode: transition from the half-cell to full-cell perspective

“…It is important to point out that hard carbon is not a specific material, but a class of carbonaceous materials with a quite wide variation in micro-structures and consequently different electrochemical behaviors in SIBs. 9,12 The term "hard" in hard carbon points to its mechanically harder characteristic than graphite or "soft carbon", which can deform more easily by interplanar sliding. Hard carbon cannot be turned to crystalline graphite upon simple heating in a reducing atmosphere, whereas soft carbon can.…”

Model-Based Design of Graphite-Compatible Electrolytes in Potassium-Ion Batteries

“…[36][37][38][39] Particularly, a reversible K + (de-)intercalation within graphite (i.e., instead of the hard and soft carbons) [40][41][42] could make KIBs design more feasible, and reduce their cost. [43][44][45][46] As we know, it remains challenging to (de-)intercalate Na + into the normal graphite anode in NIBs.…”