SLNs can Serve as the New Brachytherapy Seed: Determining Influence of Surfactants on Particle Size of Solid Lipid Microparticles and Development of Hydrophobised Copper Nanoparticles for Potential Insertion

Abstract

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) or technically speaking, larger solid lipid microparticles are emerging as a noninvasive technique for drug-delivery, carrying forward advantages of conventional nanostructured systems and eliminating their drawbacks. This study involves the analysis of solid lipid microparticles generated via hot high-shear homogenization technique with tristearin as the main lipid component and phosphate buffer (pH 7.00) as the aqueous phase (phase volume 0.2). This study aims to identify the effects of the chosen lipid, and four non-ionic surfactants (Tween®20, Tween®80, Lutrol F68 and Lutrol F127) on particle size of solid lipid microparticles. Samples generating particle sizes of less than 200 nm were further analysed via SEM to determine morphological characteristics of SLNs. SLN composition is crucial as it determines various chemical and physical properties of the particle itself. Firstly, selection of lipids is key, as it the major component of the particle. Lipids display different polymorphic transitions upon crystallization affecting loading efficiency, drug distribution, drug loading, particle size, particle shape and overall stability. Secondly, selection of surfactants is vital as they overcome stability problems with reducing surface tension, particle aggregation and steric interactions. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal functioning surfactant concentration that would produce particle sizes less than 200 nm. SLNs generated in this study displayed a reduced particle size (90-150 nm) when using 2% w/v Tween®80 plus 5:1 F68; higher molecular weight surfactant, with a low molecular weight poloxamer. Based on previous research, these results can be explained via the surfactant characteristics in solution. The length of the fatty acid chains associated with Tween®20 and 80 provide a potential behavioural pattern on the SLN; longer chains surrounding the SLN structure increase stability of the particle but also increase particle size. Poloxamer use is that of a co-surfactant, fulfilling what Tween® fails to complete. In which higher molecular weight poloxamers can potentially explain the large particle size as the longer PEO terminal chains protrude from the particle after its insertion.

Insights into the Effect of Magnetic Confinement on the Performance of Magnetic Nanocomposites in Magnetic Hyperthermia and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…At higher surfactant concentrations, the hydrocarbon chains fully cover the surface of the lipid cores, reducing surface tension and generating repulsive forces among the mSLNs. 50 , 56 − 58 In our case, intermediate Tween80 concentrations (5–25% w/w wax ) are able to provide efficient steric stabilization of the particles as described by the relatively low PDI values obtained. The highest Tween80 concentration tested (50% w/w wax ) also provided good PDI values ( Figure 2 A), although the samples from this series belong to a family with a different structure, as shown below.…”

“…As already introduced, the nature and concentration of the surfactant play a key role in the physicochemical properties of lipid nanoparticles. High surfactant concentrations reduce the interfacial lipid/water tension, facilitating particle partition during emulsification. , Tween80 (Polysorbate 80) is an amphipathic, nonionic synthetic surfactant, available as a chemical mixture of different fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan. The hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids provide the hydrophobic nature of the polysorbates, while the hydrophilic nature is provided by the ethylene oxide subunits .…”

Stabilitas Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Coenzyme Q10 Dengan Variasi Waktu Pengadukan

“…Analisis statistika menggunakan T Test berpasangan menunjukkan nilai 0,000 sig <0,05 berarti bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan hasil sebelum dan sesudah penyimpanan selama 28 hari. Penurunan nilai efisiensi penjebakan disebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan jenis maupun konsentrasi surfaktan dan kosurfaktan yang digunakan sehingga mempengaruhi hasil yang diperoleh (Mistry dan Dipak., 2015). Proses pengadukan dalam pembuatan NLC ini mempengaruhi nilai efisiensi penjebakan yang diperoleh.…”

Karakter Solid Lipid Nano Particle (SLN) – Ubiquinon (Q10) dengan Beda Jenis Kosurfaktan: Poloxamer 188, Lesitin, Propilen Glikol

“…Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh perbedaan jenis maupun konsentrasi surfaktan dan kosurfaktan yang digunakan. Mistry & Dipak (2015) membuktikan bahwa perbedaan jenis kosurfaktan yang digunakan mempengaruhi ukuran partikel yang dihasilkan. SLN-Copper dengan 20% lipid tristearin, 2% surfaktan tween 80 dan 0,4% kosurfaktan poloxamer 188 menghasilkan ukuran partikel 115,2 nm, sedangkan apabila dikombinasi dengan 0,4% kosurfaktan poloxamer 407 menghasilkan ukuran partikel 277,6 nm (Mistry & Dipak, 2015).…”