Slit2-Robo1 signaling enhances nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis via PI3K/AKT/β-catenin pathway

Abstract

Background Distant metastasis remained the major cause of mortality in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) receiving radiotherapy despite favorable locoregional control in the past decades. Tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor progression by secreting factors that regulate cancer cell metastasis. We explored the role of secreted protein Slit2 in NPC metastasis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Colony formation assay were determined the opitimal dose. Using real-time PCR, western blotting, and ELISA, we detected the expression of Slit2 in NPC cells and in supernatant. Cell migration assay and cell invasion assay were examined the role of Slit2 in promoting metastasis of NPC cell lines. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, transwell and Co-IP assay et al. were performed to explore the detailed molecular mechanism of Slit2 in NPC. Finally, we estimated the effects on Slit2-shRNA NPC cells in vivo tumor metastasis experiment Results We found that irradiated dying NPC cells could secrete Slit2 to enhance the metastatic ability of surviving NPC cells. Mechanistic study showed that Slit2 interacted with its cognate Robo1 receptor, which activated PI3K/Akt pathway and enhanced the nuclear translocation of β-catenin to promote NPC metastasis. Finally, we demonstranted that knockdown of Slit2 in NPC cells significantly suppressed lung and liver metastasis. Conclusion Slit2, a secreted factor released from irradiated dying NPC cells could promote metastasis of living/resistent NPC cells through PI3K/AKT/β-catenin pathway. Tumor microenvironment altered by irradiated dying cancer cells may be promising target to treat cancer metastasis.