Slip re-orientation in oblique rifts

Philippon, Mélody; Willingshofer, Ernst; Sokoutis, Dimitrios; Corti, Giacomo; Sani, Federico; Bonini, Marco; Cloetingh, S.A.P.L.

doi:10.1130/g36208.1

Cited by 103 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For instance, during extension, pre-existing zones of lithospheric weakness can localize deformation, which, in turn, can cause rift border faults to form oblique to the stretching direction. An exception is the case where a pre-existing zone of weakness is orthogonal to the stretching direction (Agostini et al 2009;Philippon et al 2015). This is identified in both analogue studies and at natural oblique rifts (Agostini et al 2009;Corti 2012;Corti et al 2013).…”

Section: Extensional Tectonic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of regional tectonics and pre-existing structures on the formation of elliptical calderas in the Kenyan Rift

Robertson

Biggs

Cashman

et al. 2015

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Calderas are formed by the collapse of large magma reservoirs and are commonly elliptical in map view. The orientation of elliptical calderas is often used as an indicator of the local stress regime; but, in some rift settings, pre-existing structural trends may also influence the orientation. We investigated whether either of these two mechanisms controls the orientation of calderas in the Kenyan Rift. Satellite-based mapping was used to identify the rift border faults, intra-rift faults and orientation of the calderas to measure the stress orientations and pre-existing structural trends and to determine the extensional regime at each volcano. We found that extension in northern Kenya is orthogonal, whereas that in southern Kenya is oblique. Elliptical calderas in northern Kenya are orientated NW-SE, aligned with pre-existing structures and perpendicular to recent rift faults. In southern Kenya, the calderas are aligned NE-SW and lie oblique to recent rift faults, but are aligned with pre-existing structures. We conclude that, in oblique continental rifts, pre-existing structures control the development of elongated magma reservoirs. Our results highlight the structural control of magmatism at different crustal levels, where pre-existing structures control the storage and orientation of deeper magma reservoirs and the local stress regime controls intra-rift faulting and shallow magmatism.

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Section: Extensional Tectonic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of regional tectonics and pre-existing structures on the formation of elliptical calderas in the Kenyan Rift

Robertson

Biggs

Cashman

et al. 2015

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“…temporal scales of minutes to days and spatial dimensions of ~0.01 to 1 m [Hubbert, 1937]). One class of analog rift models investigates continental extension within a single brittle layer reminiscent of the brittle upper crust, and such models have provided essential insight into the processes controlling the evolution of fault patterns [Withjack and Jamison, 1986;Tron and Brun, 1991;McClay and White, 1995;Mart and Dauteuil, 2000;Corti et al, 2003;Sokoutis et al, 2007;Philippon et al, 2015]. More recently, developments in lithospheric-scale models have allowed for realistic modeling of processes such as crustal thinning, where a model asthenosphere accounts for full isostatic balancing [Corti, 2008;Agostini et al, 2009;Autin et al, 2010Autin et al, , 2013Cappelletti et al, 2013;Corti et al, 2013a;Nestola et al, , 2015.…”

Section: Modeling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5d). Critically, fault directions are often used to infer paleo-plate movements, however, several independent studies show that local changes in crustal stress field and fault orientation may arise intrinsically during rift maturation, and thus may not require plate motion changes [Morley, 2010;Corti et al, 2013b;Brune, 2014;Philippon et al, 2015]. Instead, oblique rifts follow a characteristic sequential fault pattern that depends on the maturity of the rift system [Agostini et al, 2009;Brune, 2014].…”

Section: Oblique Riftingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rifts and Rifted Margins: A Review of Geodynamic Processes and Natural Hazards

Brune¹

2017

Preprint

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This review provides an introduction to the geodynamic processes that influence tectonic rift evolution and rifted margin architecture. With a strong focus on numerical modeling, I summarize classical and recent insights on rift evolution with differentiation between 2D and 3D concepts and models. One of the key processes during rift evolution is crust-mantle coupling, which controls not only the width of a rift system but also crustal hyperextension and the degree of final margin asymmetry. Accounting for 3D rift geometries allows investigating along-strike heterogeneities, rift segmentation and rift obliquity. Large amounts of sediments have accumulated at rifted margins, especially at the mouths of large rivers and former glaciers, providing important stratigraphic archives and georesources. Shifting the focus from the geological scale of continental extension to the human time scale, natural hazards are discussed regarding earthquakes and volcanic eruptions during active rifting. Finally, I review natural hazards due to passive margin seismicity as well as slope instabilities at heavily sedimented continental margins that have the potential to generate large landslide tsunamis.

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“…Dry sand is classically used to analyze broad deformation zones and fault kinematics (e.g. Davis et al, 1983;McClay and Bonora, 2001;Ahmad et al, 2014;Toscani et al, 2014;Philippon et al, 2015), as well as the brittle surface expression of blind faults (e.g. Bonini et al, 2011;Galuppo et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methods and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%