“…Since then, there have been several investigations into the behaviour of piles subjected to negative skin friction, Lee et al [35]. Theoretical and experimental work were carried out by Shibata et al [48], Kog [28], Chow et al [10], Davisson [15], Chow et al [11], Acar et al [2], Poulos [46], Fellenius [20], Jeony et al [25], Lee and Ng [34], Leung [37], Ng et al [42], Yan et al [54] and Lam et al [30].…”