“…10. In other studies [5,6] , it is reported that these are fine particles of Fe 2 O 3 , FeO and Fe 3 O 4 that are detached from the worn surface regardless of sliding velocities and applied loads. Scratches and scars on the wear surface are thought to be caused by the oxide debris that retained between the rubbing surface (Fig.…”
Section: Fig 4: Variation Of Weight Loss With Sliding Distance For Dmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…in many applications. The wear behaviour of ADI has been studied by several researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6] , but most have reported differing results, as wear behaviour of ADI depends on many factors such as alloying elements content, heat treatment variables, test mechanism and the applied load. In this paper, the studies of the influence of Ni on dry sliding wear behaviour and the relationship between them under different austempering heat treatment conditions are presented.…”
U ntil the beginning of the 20th century, the most important property of a casting was its shape, while the mechanical or physical properties were in the second order of importance. A significant development in the field was the discovery of the effect of magnesium on grey cast iron in 1943. The result was the generation of a new cast iron family (ductile iron) with higher tensile strength and ductility compared to that of grey cast iron. A significant advance in the cast iron technology and an equally important development is the austempering of ductile iron. The remarkable combination of properties attainable in austempered ductile iron (ADI) has caused this material to emerge as a new class of ductile iron. The outstanding mechanical properties of ADI are due to the presence and continuity of the FCC austenite matrix. Compared to conventional grades of ductile iron, ADI exhibits more than twice the strength for a given level of ductility. ADI is lighter, stronger and more wear-resistant than steel. Consequently, it is replacing steel forgings, weldments and castings as a weight-saving material Abstract: Measurements of dry sliding wear are presented for ductile irons with composition Fe-3.56C-2.67Si-0.25Mo-0.5Cu and Ni contents of 0.8 and 1.5 in wt.% with applied loads of 50, 100 and 150 N for austempering temperatures of 270, 320, and 370 °C after austenitizing at 870 °C for 120 min. The mechanical property measurements show that the grades of the ASTM 897M: 1990 Standard can be satisfied for the selected austempering conditions. The results show that wear resistance is independent of austempering temperature with an applied load of 50 N, but there is a strong dependence at higher austempering temperatures with applied loads of 100 and 150 N. Observations indicate that wear is due to subsurface fatigue with cracks nucleated at deformed graphite nodules. in many applications. The wear behaviour of ADI has been studied by several researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6] , but most have reported differing results, as wear behaviour of ADI depends on many factors such as alloying elements content, heat treatment variables, test mechanism and the applied load. In this paper, the studies of the influence of Ni on dry sliding wear behaviour and the relationship between them under different austempering heat treatment conditions are presented.
“…10. In other studies [5,6] , it is reported that these are fine particles of Fe 2 O 3 , FeO and Fe 3 O 4 that are detached from the worn surface regardless of sliding velocities and applied loads. Scratches and scars on the wear surface are thought to be caused by the oxide debris that retained between the rubbing surface (Fig.…”
Section: Fig 4: Variation Of Weight Loss With Sliding Distance For Dmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…in many applications. The wear behaviour of ADI has been studied by several researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6] , but most have reported differing results, as wear behaviour of ADI depends on many factors such as alloying elements content, heat treatment variables, test mechanism and the applied load. In this paper, the studies of the influence of Ni on dry sliding wear behaviour and the relationship between them under different austempering heat treatment conditions are presented.…”
U ntil the beginning of the 20th century, the most important property of a casting was its shape, while the mechanical or physical properties were in the second order of importance. A significant development in the field was the discovery of the effect of magnesium on grey cast iron in 1943. The result was the generation of a new cast iron family (ductile iron) with higher tensile strength and ductility compared to that of grey cast iron. A significant advance in the cast iron technology and an equally important development is the austempering of ductile iron. The remarkable combination of properties attainable in austempered ductile iron (ADI) has caused this material to emerge as a new class of ductile iron. The outstanding mechanical properties of ADI are due to the presence and continuity of the FCC austenite matrix. Compared to conventional grades of ductile iron, ADI exhibits more than twice the strength for a given level of ductility. ADI is lighter, stronger and more wear-resistant than steel. Consequently, it is replacing steel forgings, weldments and castings as a weight-saving material Abstract: Measurements of dry sliding wear are presented for ductile irons with composition Fe-3.56C-2.67Si-0.25Mo-0.5Cu and Ni contents of 0.8 and 1.5 in wt.% with applied loads of 50, 100 and 150 N for austempering temperatures of 270, 320, and 370 °C after austenitizing at 870 °C for 120 min. The mechanical property measurements show that the grades of the ASTM 897M: 1990 Standard can be satisfied for the selected austempering conditions. The results show that wear resistance is independent of austempering temperature with an applied load of 50 N, but there is a strong dependence at higher austempering temperatures with applied loads of 100 and 150 N. Observations indicate that wear is due to subsurface fatigue with cracks nucleated at deformed graphite nodules. in many applications. The wear behaviour of ADI has been studied by several researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6] , but most have reported differing results, as wear behaviour of ADI depends on many factors such as alloying elements content, heat treatment variables, test mechanism and the applied load. In this paper, the studies of the influence of Ni on dry sliding wear behaviour and the relationship between them under different austempering heat treatment conditions are presented.
“…This acts as a boundary layer between ADI and the counterbody. These oxide layers and graphite lubricant reduce friction by forming a protective layer during sliding contacts [52,53]. Figure 16 (a) Typical wear scar, (b) Oxide layer transmission and (c) EDS analysis of chrome steel counterbody after wear.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This acts as a boundary layer between ADI and the counterbody. These oxide layers and graphite lubricant reduce friction by forming a protective layer during sliding contacts [52,53].…”
In this study, dry sliding wear behaviour of a copper alloyed austempered ductile iron (ADI) consisting of very fine ausferrite, small high carbon austenite blocks, was investigated against 100Cr6 ball using ball-on-disc tribometer. Tribotests were conducted at different loads of 10, 30, 50, and 100 N and speeds between 0.39 to 0.79 m/s. Worn-out surfaces and wear debris revealed tribe-oxidation and abrasive wear as the primary mechanism for material removal at lower loads and low speed (0.39 m/s). With an increase in load and speed, fragmented graphite nodules acted as solid lubricants. Additionally, partial transfer of tribo-oxide onto the counter-body ball, and plastic deformation and strain hardening of ADI matrix lowered the friction coefficient and wear rate at higher loads and speed, to nearly 1/ 3 and 1/10 as compared with those at lower loads and speed. The superior wear resistance of present ADI is worthy of consideration for transmission parts.
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