Sliding Surface Based Schemes for the Tokamak à Configuration Variable

Marco, Aitor; Garrido, Izaskun; Garrido, Aitor J.; Coda, S.; Team, Tcv

doi:10.23919/wac.2018.8430383

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Various highly specialized controllers (model-predictive [36], Lyapunov-based [37], and interconnection and damping assignment-passivity based control [38]) were all tested and validated successfully using this paradigm. A parallel activity has seen the development of alternative, exploratory current control methods-based on so-called sliding mode and supertwisting controllers-specifically for TCV, yet to be tested [39]. In a related development, a model-based detector of L-H and H-L transitions and of ELMs was used successfully to actuate a power reduction and consequently a back-transition to L-mode, thus avoiding the disruptions that typically terminate ELM-free H-modes.…”

Section: Real-time Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics research on the TCV tokamak facility: from conventional to alternative scenarios and beyond

Coda

Agostini²,

Albanese

et al. 2019

Nucl. Fusion

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The research program of the TCV tokamak ranges from conventional to advanced-tokamak scenarios and alternative divertor configurations, to exploratory plasmas driven by theoretical insight, exploiting the device’s unique shaping capabilities. Disruption avoidance by real-time locked mode prevention or unlocking with electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) was thoroughly documented, using magnetic and radiation triggers. Runaway generation with high-Z noble-gas injection and runaway dissipation by subsequent Ne or Ar injection were studied for model validation. The new 1 MW neutral beam injector has expanded the parameter range, now encompassing ELMy H-modes in an ITER-like shape and nearly non-inductive H-mode discharges sustained by electron cyclotron and neutral beam current drive. In the H-mode, the pedestal pressure increases modestly with nitrogen seeding while fueling moves the density pedestal outwards, but the plasma stored energy is largely uncorrelated to either seeding or fueling. High fueling at high triangularity is key to accessing the attractive small edge-localized mode (type-II) regime. Turbulence is reduced in the core at negative triangularity, consistent with increased confinement and in accord with global gyrokinetic simulations. The geodesic acoustic mode, possibly coupled with avalanche events, has been linked with particle flow to the wall in diverted plasmas. Detachment, scrape-off layer transport, and turbulence were studied in L- and H-modes in both standard and alternative configurations (snowflake, super-X, and beyond). The detachment process is caused by power ‘starvation’ reducing the ionization source, with volume recombination playing only a minor role. Partial detachment in the H-mode is obtained with impurity seeding and has shown little dependence on flux expansion in standard single-null geometry. In the attached L-mode phase, increasing the outer connection length reduces the in–out heat-flow asymmetry. A doublet plasma, featuring an internal X-point, was achieved successfully, and a transport barrier was observed in the mantle just outside the internal separatrix. In the near future variable-configuration baffles and possibly divertor pumping will be introduced to investigate the effect of divertor closure on exhaust and performance, and 3.5 MW ECRH and 1 MW neutral beam injection heating will be added.

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