Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Banding: Effects on Plasma Ghrelin Levels

Langer, Felix B.; Hoda, Mir Ali Reza; Bohdjalian, Arthur; Felberbauer, F. X.; Zacherl, Johannes; Wenzl, E.; Schindler, Karin; Luger, Anton; Ludvik, Bernhard; Prager, Gerhard

doi:10.1381/0960892054621125

Cited by 509 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The most important production site of ghrelin is the fundus of the stomach. It is resected during SG and leads to very serious decrease in ghrelin levels [13]. Low level of ghrelin has been considered as , and higher adiponectin levels (0.43±0.19 versus 17±0.14 ng/ml; p<0.004) compared with the shamoperated rats and no significant differences were found in the fasting ghrelin levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Laboratory and Histomorphological Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Female Rats

et al. 2013

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Restriction of food intake leads to immunologic and histomorphological changes in rats demonstrated by Moriyama. This study is planned to show how sleeve gastrectomy restricts food intake and its effects on biochemical liver function, immunologic and hematologic laboratory parameters, and histomorphological changes in rats. We used sleeve gastrectomy model on seven young adult female rats and compared study group with sham and control groups. Food consumption of rats was measured. All rats were sacrificed on the 50th day, and blood and tissue samples were collected. There was a significant low food intake in sleeve gastrectomy group (p=0.013). No differences were observed on hematologic, biochemical, and immunologic laboratory parameters between groups. Toxicity parameters in liver samples such as cytoplasmic atrophy, single-cell hepatocellular necrosis, and necrotic eosinophilic cells were significantly high in sleeve gastrectomy group (p=0.005). Histomorphological examination of the spleen and kidneys revealed significant changes in sleeve gastrectomy and sham groups compared with controls (p=0.004 and p=0.018, respectively). Although sleeve gastrectomy does not lead to alteration in hematologic, biochemical, and immunologic laboratory parameters, it causes decreased food consumption, which results in toxicological histomorphological changes in rat liver as well as some changes in kidney and spleen samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Laboratory and Histomorphological Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Female Rats

et al. 2013

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“…Reduced postoperative levels of this important growth hormone secretagogue may result in excessive loss of FFM. 62,63 To date, quantitative definition of 'excessive loss of FFM' is lacking. An obvious way to set standards of %FFML is to use normative data to calculate appropriate fat and fat-free composition of weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in fat-free mass during significant weight loss: a systematic review

2006

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Objective: To identify the proportion of weight lost as fat-free mass (FFM) by various weight loss interventions. Methods: Medline and Embase were systematically searched for reliable measurements of FFM before and after weight loss of 410 kg and eligible data were pooled. In a fixed effect model of % FFM loss/weight loss (%FFML), linear regression analysis was used to determine the influence of degree of caloric restriction, exercise, magnitude of weight loss, initial body mass index (BMI) and type of surgery. Results: Data were included from 26 cohorts treated with dietary and behavioral interventions and 29 cohorts of bariatric surgery patients. The degree of caloric restriction was positively associated with %FFML (r 2 ¼ 0.31, P ¼ 0.006) and in three randomized controlled trials exercise was shown to decrease %FFML. Compared with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) caused greater log e (natural log) %FFML (r 2 ¼ 0.453, Po0.001). Differences in log e %FFML between surgical procedures were independent of initial BMI and magnitude of weight loss. Conclusions: The degree of caloric restriction, exercise and rate of weight loss influence the proportion of weight lost as FFM after non-surgical interventions. For surgical interventions, BPD and RYGB result in greater %FFML than LAGB.

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“…Fasting ghrelin levels have been found to increase 2 years after vertical banded gastroplasty [38] and in patients who attained 20% body mass index (BMI) loss [39]. Likewise, in obese patients 6 months [9,16,18,19,40,41], 12 months [17,19,40], and 24 months [38,40] after being submitted to adjustable gastric banding, fasting ghrelin levels have been shown to increase, similarly to diet induced weight loss, although the increase in ghrelin levels was greater after surgery than after dietinduced weight loss, and this could be explained by the higher amount of weight loss achieved with surgery. Furthermore, postoperative ghrelin levels were also reported as not being different from those of non-operated BMImatched patients [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gastrointestinal hormones are important signals that regulate food intake: changes in the levels of ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) observed after obesity surgery have been hypothesized to mediate the anorexigenic effect of these surgical procedures [15]. However, results from several human studies have been contradictory [16][17][18][19]. There is, therefore, a need to test in animal models the hypothesis that decrease in orexigenic signals, coming from the gastrointestinal tract and hunger signals in the hypothalamus, mediate weight loss induced by gastric banding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in Ghrelin Levels After Weight Loss in Obese Zucker Rats is Prevented by Gastric Banding

et al. 2007

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Background Gastric banding is thought to decrease appetite in addition to the mechanical effects of food restriction, although this has been difficult to demonstrate in human studies. Our aim was to investigate the changes in orexigenic signals in the obese Zucker rat after gastric banding. Methods Obese Zucker rats ( fa/fa) were submitted to gastric banding (GBP), sham gastric banding fed ad libitum (sham), or sham operation with food restriction, pair-fed to the gastric banding group (sham-PF). Lean Zucker rats ( fa/+) were used as additional controls. Body weight and food intake were daily recorded for 21 days after surgery when epididymal fat was weighed and fasting ghrelin and hypothalamic NPY mRNA expression were measured. Results Gastric banding in obese Zucker rats resulted in a significant decrease of cumulative body weight gain and food intake. Furthermore, gastric banded rats were leaner than Sham-PF, as expressed by a significantly lower epididymal fat weight. Ghrelin levels of gastric banded rats were not increased when compared to sham-operated animals fed ad libitum and were significantly lower than the levels of weight matched sham-PF rats (1116.9±103.3 g GBP vs 963.2±54.3 g sham, 3,079.5±221.6 sham-PF and 2,969.9±150.9 g lean rats, p<0.001); hypothalamic NPY mRNA expression was not increased in GBP when compared to sham-operated rats. Conclusion In obese Zucker rats, GBP prevents the increase in orexigenic signals that occur during caloric deprivation. Our data support the hypothesis that sustained weight loss observed after gastric banding does not depend solely on food restriction.

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Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Banding: Effects on Plasma Ghrelin Levels

Cited by 509 publications

References 40 publications

Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Laboratory and Histomorphological Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Female Rats

Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Laboratory and Histomorphological Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Female Rats

Changes in fat-free mass during significant weight loss: a systematic review

Increase in Ghrelin Levels After Weight Loss in Obese Zucker Rats is Prevented by Gastric Banding

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