“Sleeping with the enemy”—predator-induced diapause in a mite

Kroon, A.; Veenendaal, R.L.; Bruin, Jan; Egas, Martijn; Sabelis, Maurice W.

doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0442-4

Cited by 45 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Due to its relatively large body size and high visibility, D. magna experiences the strongest predation pressure from positive size-selective fish under natural conditions. Outside the aquatic environment, we are aware of only a single example of a possible diapause response evoked by predator-released compounds in a terrestrial species: kairomones of the predacious mite Typhlodromus pyri are claimed to induce diapause in the herbivorous twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Kroon et al, 2008). It is interesting whether the current dearth of evidence for kairomone-induced diapause is due to its incidental occurrence, or because this field has not been the subject of much investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of kairomone-induced diapause in Daphnia magna from habitats with and without fish

2013

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The prevalence of the diapause response of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna to chemical cues on fish predation was evaluated in 35 clones originating from 14 European water bodiesinhabited or not inhabited by fish. Clonal lineages of experimental animals were cultured for 4 weeks in the presence or absence of water to which an extract of faeces of crucian carps (Carassius carassius), that were fed with Daphnia, was added. The proportion of females producing diapausing forms during the experimental period was used as a measure of the diapause response. A positive diapause response to fish predation cues was observed in 43% of investigated clones that originated from 71% of the water bodies tested. This indicated that the diapause response to fish scent is a common phenomenon in Daphnia magna from various locations in Europe. Surprisingly, no signs of a stronger diapause reaction to the tested cues were found in Daphnia originating from water bodies inhabited by fish compared with those from fish-free habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of kairomone-induced diapause in Daphnia magna from habitats with and without fish

2013

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“…In spider mites, the anti-predator responses described thus far mainly concern the avoidance of patches with high predation risk (Grostal and Dicke 1999; Pallini et al 1999; Magalhães et al 2002; Choh and Takabayashi 2007), but recently attention has also been given to predator-induced diapause (Kroon et al 2008) and reduction of oviposition (Oku et al 2004; Skaloudova et al 2007; Choh et al 2010). Spider mites are also hypothesized to reduce predation risk through the production of a dense web (Sabelis and Bakker 1992; Oku et al 2003; Horita et al 2004; Shimoda et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spider mite web mediates anti-predator behaviour

et al. 2010

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Herbivores suffer significant mortality from predation and are therefore subject to natural selection on traits promoting predator avoidance and resistance. They can employ an array of strategies to reduce predation, for example through changes in behaviour, morphology and life history. So far, the anti-predator response studied most intensively in spider mites has been the avoidance of patches with high predation risk. Less attention has been given to the dense web produced by spider mites, which is a complex structure of silken threads that is thought to hinder predators. Here, we investigate the effects of the web produced by the red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, on its interactions with the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus longipes Evans. We tested whether female spider mites recognize predator cues and whether these can induce the spider mites to produce denser web. We found that the prey did not produce denser web in response to such cues, but laid more eggs suspended in the web, away from the leaf surface. These suspended eggs suffered less from predation by P. longipes than eggs that were laid on the leaf surface under the web. Thus, by altering their oviposition behaviour in response to predator cues, females of T. evansi protect their offspring.

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“…Diapausing forms may be more resistant to predation or remain in refuges that are not accessible to predators or active stages. This phenomenon has subsequently been observed in some freshwater crustaceans (Hairston 1987;Slusarczyk 1995;Pijanowska and Stolpe 1996), algae (Rengefors et al 1998) and a terrestrial mite (Kroon et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…by a particular combination of photoperiod and temperature (Hairston and Kearns 1995). In the second, the diapause may be induced by chemical cues associated with predacious activity (Slusarczyk 1995;Kroon et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of diapause response to risk of size-selective predation in small- and large-bodied prey species

2011

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The prevalence of diapause response to the simulated threat of fish predation was compared in three species of planktonic crustaceans of the genus Daphnia (D. magna, D. pulicaria and D. longispina), which due to their different body size vary in vulnerability to fish predation pressure in natural conditions. Higher incidence of diapause response was presumed in the larger-bodied species, which due to their higher conspicuousness and higher energetic content experience the greatest size-selective pressure from visually foraging fish. Small-bodied species were expected to utilize less costly yet less effective active defences, e.g. lower conspicuousness achieved due to slower body growth when facing risk of size-selective predation. Proportions of females forming diapausing structures as well as females body size at the maturation period were compared in experimental beakers containing or not containing fish kairomones (chemical cues of fish predation) in a few clonal lineages of 3 species of Daphnia derived from a single lake inhabited by fish. The highest incidence of diapause response to fish kairomones was observed in D. magna (when measured both as proportion of sensitive individuals and as proportion of inductive clones), the largest of the tested Daphnia species. The lowest proportion of individuals and clones that employed diapause was reported in the smallest tested species, D. longispina. In addition, the large-bodied Daphnia (D. magna) showed a greater reduction in body size in response to fish kairomones than the small-bodied species (D. longispina). The results of the present study support the assumption of higher prevalence of diapause response to the threat of selective predation in larger and more vulnerable prey species.

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“Sleeping with the enemy”—predator-induced diapause in a mite

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence of kairomone-induced diapause in Daphnia magna from habitats with and without fish

Prevalence of kairomone-induced diapause in Daphnia magna from habitats with and without fish

Spider mite web mediates anti-predator behaviour

The prevalence of diapause response to risk of size-selective predation in small- and large-bodied prey species

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