Sleep, Wake and Phase Dependent Changes in Neurobehavioral Function under Forced Desynchrony

Zhou, Xuan; Ferguson, Sally A.; Matthews, Raymond W.; Sargent, Charli; Darwent, David; Kennaway, David J.; Roach, Gregory D.

doi:10.5665/sleep.1130

Cited by 56 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, studies using constant routine or forced desynchrony paradigms have demonstrated the influence of both processes on variation in sleepiness and performance across the waking period (e.g. Dijk et al 1992; Mollicone et al 2008; Zhou et al 2011). Further research from us focuses on disentangling the effects of the circadian rhythm and homoeostatic sleep drive on attentional functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained wakefulness and visual attention: moderation by chronotype

Barclay

Myachykov

2016

Exp Brain Res

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IntroductionAttentional networks are sensitive to sleep deprivation and increased time awake. However, existing evidence is inconsistent and may be accounted for by differences in chronotype or time-of-day. We examined the effects of sustained wakefulness over a normal “socially constrained” day (following 18 h of sustained wakefulness), following a night of normal sleep, on visual attention as a function of chronotype.MethodsTwenty-six good sleepers (mean age 25.58; SD 4.26; 54 % male) completed the Attention Network Test (ANT) at two time points (baseline at 8 am; following 18-h sustained wakefulness at 2 am). The ANT provided mean reaction times (RTs), error rates, and the efficiency of three attentional networks—alerting, orienting, and executive control/conflict. The Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire measured chronotype.ResultsMean RTs were longer at time 2 compared to time 1 for those with increasing eveningness; the opposite was true for morningness. However, those with increasing morningness exhibited longer RT and made more errors, on incongruent trials at time 2 relative to those with increasing eveningness. There were no significant main effects of time or chronotype (or interactions) on attentional network scores.ConclusionSustained wakefulness produced differential effects on visual attention as a function of chronotype. Whilst overall our results point to an asynchrony effect, this effect was moderated by flanker type. Participants with increasing eveningness outperformed those with increasing morningness on incongruent trials at time 2. The preservation of executive control in evening-types following sustained wakefulness is likely driven by differences in circadian phase between chronotypes across the day.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained wakefulness and visual attention: moderation by chronotype

Barclay

Myachykov

2016

Exp Brain Res

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“…Recent forced desynchrony protocols, which serve to experimentally reveal the variance in neurobehavioral functions attributable primarily to endogenous circadian control and the variance attributable primarily to the sleep homeostatic drive, have revealed that circadian dynamics can expose large neurobehavioral vulnerability during chronic sleep restriction. 26,27 These studies demonstrated that sleep restriction induced decreased vigilant attention, as measured by the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), 25 most prominently during circadian night, even with short prior wake duration. Another study found that time of day modulated the effects of chronic sleep restriction, whereby the build-up rate of cumulative neurobehavioral deficits across days was largest at 0800 h and became progressively smaller across the hours of the day, especially between 1600 and 2000 h, indicating a late afternoon/early evening period of relatively protected alertness.…”

Section: Sleep–wake and Circadian Regulation: Two-process Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,27 The interaction of the two systems is oppositional during diurnal wake periods (from approximately 0700 h until 2300 h), such that a relatively stable level of alertness and performance can be maintained throughout the day. 89,90 This explains why in many studies of alertness and performance, very little temporal variation is observed during the waking portion of a normal day, especially when there is no sleep deprivation 24 (Fig.…”

Section: Protocols To Assess Circadian Variation In Neurobehavioramentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Rhythms, Sleep Deprivation, and Human Performance

Goel

Basner

Rao

et al. 2013

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science

310

186

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Much of the current science on, and mathematical modeling of, dynamic changes in human performance within and between days is dominated by the two-process model of sleep–wake regulation, which posits a neurobiological drive for sleep that varies homeostatically (increasing as a saturating exponential during wakefulness and decreasing in a like manner during sleep), and a circadian process that neurobiologically modulates both the homeostatic drive for sleep and waking alertness and performance. Endogenous circadian rhythms in neurobehavioral functions, including physiological alertness and cognitive performance, have been demonstrated using special laboratory protocols that reveal the interaction of the biological clock with the sleep homeostatic drive. Individual differences in circadian rhythms and genetic and other components underlying such differences also influence waking neurobehavioral functions. Both acute total sleep deprivation and chronic sleep restriction increase homeostatic sleep drive and degrade waking neurobehavioral functions as reflected in sleepiness, attention, cognitive speed, and memory. Recent evidence indicating a high degree of stability in neurobehavioral responses to sleep loss suggests that these trait-like individual differences are phenotypic and likely involve genetic components, including circadian genes. Recent experiments have revealed both sleep homeostatic and circadian effects on brain metabolism and neural activation. Investigation of the neural and genetic mechanisms underlying the dynamically complex interaction between sleep homeostasis and circadian systems is beginning. A key goal of this work is to identify biomarkers that accurately predict human performance in situations in which the circadian and sleep homeostatic systems are perturbed.

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“…Recent human CSR studies using forced desynchrony protocols (Cohen et al ., 2010; Zhou et al ., 2011) also reported cumulative deterioration in cognitive performance, which is evident especially when performance is measured during periods of forced wakefulness occurring lateduring the circadian ‘night’(Cohen et al .,2010). Cohen et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic sleep restriction induces long‐lasting changes in adenosine and noradrenaline receptor density in the rat brain

Kim

Elmenhorst

Weisshaupt

et al. 2015

Journal of Sleep Research

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SUMMARY Although chronic sleep restriction frequently produces long-lasting behavioural and physiological impairments in humans, the underlying neural mechanisms are unknown. Here we used a rat model of chronic sleep restriction to investigate the role of brain adenosine and noradrenaline systems, known to regulate sleep and wakefulness, respectively. The density of adenosine A1 and A2a receptors and β-adrenergic receptors before, during and following 5 days of sleep restriction was assessed with autoradiography. Rats (n = 48) were sleep-deprived for 18 h day–1 for 5 consecutive days (SR1–SR5), followed by 3 unrestricted recovery sleep days (R1–R3). Brains were collected at the beginning of the light period, which was immediately after the end of sleep deprivation on sleep restriction days. Chronic sleep restriction increased adenosine A1 receptor density significantly in nine of the 13 brain areas analysed with elevations also observed on R3 (+18 to +32%). In contrast, chronic sleep restriction reduced adenosine A2a receptor density significantly in one of the three brain areas analysed (olfactory tubercle which declined 26–31% from SR1 to R1). A decrease in b-adrenergic receptors density was seen in substantia innominata and ventral pallidum which remained reduced on R3, but no changes were found in the anterior cingulate cortex. These data suggest that chronic sleep restriction can induce long-term changes in the brain adenosine and noradrenaline receptors, which may underlie the long-lasting neurocognitive impairments observed in chronic sleep restriction.

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Sleep, Wake and Phase Dependent Changes in Neurobehavioral Function under Forced Desynchrony

Cited by 56 publications

References 33 publications

Sustained wakefulness and visual attention: moderation by chronotype

Sustained wakefulness and visual attention: moderation by chronotype

Circadian Rhythms, Sleep Deprivation, and Human Performance

Chronic sleep restriction induces long‐lasting changes in adenosine and noradrenaline receptor density in the rat brain

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