Sleep Studies of Adults With Severe or profound Mental Retardation and Epilepsy

Espie, Colin A.; Paul, Audrey; McFie, Joyce; Amos, Pat; Hamilton, David; McColl, John H.; Tarassenko, Lionel; Pardey, James

doi:10.1352/0895-8017(1998)103<0047:ssoaws>2.0.co;2

Cited by 42 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…The literature commonly emphasized the importance of a relationship between REM sleep and intellectual functioning: the greater the level of mental retardation, the lower the amount of REM sleep (Castaldo and Krynicki, 1973; Espie et al. , 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in children with autism with and without autistic regression

Giannotti

Cortesi

Cerquiglini

et al. 2010

Journal of Sleep Research

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Summary The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize and compare traditional sleep architecture and non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep microstructure in a well‐defined cohort of children with regressive and non‐regressive autism, and in typically developing children (TD). We hypothesized that children with regressive autism would demonstrate a greater degree of sleep disruption either at a macrostructural or microstructural level and a more problematic sleep as reported by parents. Twenty‐two children with non‐regressive autism, 18 with regressive autism without comorbid pathologies and 12 with TD, aged 5–10 years, underwent standard overnight multi‐channel polysomnographic evaluation. Parents completed a structured questionnaire (Childrens’ Sleep Habits Questionnaire—CSHQ). The initial hypothesis, that regressed children have more disrupted sleep, was supported by our findings that they scored significantly higher on CSHQ, particularly on bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration and night wakings CSHQ subdomains than non‐regressed peers, and both scored more than typically developing controls. Regressive subjects had significantly less efficient sleep, less total sleep time, prolonged sleep latency, prolonged REM latency and more time awake after sleep onset than non‐regressive children and the TD group. Regressive children showed lower cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) rates and A1 index in light sleep than non‐regressive and TD children. Our findings suggest that, even though no particular differences in sleep architecture were found between the two groups of children with autism, those who experienced regression showed more sleep disorders and a disruption of sleep either from a macro‐ or from a microstructural viewpoint.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in children with autism with and without autistic regression

Giannotti

Cortesi

Cerquiglini

et al. 2010

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…Observation may be a particularily important method of sleep assessment among the mentally retarded, as polygraphic interpretation of sleep according to the traditional criteria is often difficult because of diffuse slowing of the background activity and excessive epileptic discharges (Petre‐Quadens 1972; Kotagal et al . 1994; Espie et al . 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological impairments and sleep–wake behaviour among the mentally retarded

Lindblom

Heiskala

Kaski³

et al. 2001

Journal of Sleep Research

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the sleep–wake behaviour and neurological impairments among mentally retarded people. The sleep–wake behaviour of 293 mentally retarded subjects living in a rehabilitation center was studied by a standardized observation protocol carried out by trained staff members. The protocol consisted of brief check‐ups of the subjects’ sleep–wake status at 20‐min intervals for five randomly chosen 24‐h periods during 4 months. From the raw data five sleep–wake behaviour variables were formed. The data concerning the subject characteristics (age, body mass index (BMI), gender, degree of mental retardation, presence of locomotor disability, that of epilepsy, blindness or deafness and the usage of psychotropic medications) were collected from the medical records. Two main findings emerged: (1) severe locomotor disablity, blindness and active epilepsy were found to be independent predictors of increased daytime sleep and increased number of wake–sleep transitions and (2) the subjects with a combination of two or all three of these impairments had a significantly more fragmented and abnormally distributed sleep than those with none or milder forms of these impairments. Age, BMI, degree of mental retardation and the studied medications played a minor role in the sleep disturbances of the study population. Finally, deafness was not found to be associated with any of the measured sleep–wake variables.

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“…This was followed by the corollary of sleep difficulties, fatigue at 27%. Didden & Sigafoos (2001) have noted that people with intellectual disabilities appear to be at equivalent or greater risk of developing sleep problems and there is certainly no reason to believe that the prevalence of sleep disorders is lower in this population (Espie et al. 1998).…”

Section: Cautions and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%