Sleep spindle frequency changes during the menstrual cycle

Ishizuka, Y.; Pollak, Charles P.; Shirakawa, Shuichiro; Kakuma, Tatsuyuki; Azumi, Kazuo; Usui, Akira; Shiraishi, Koji; Fukuzawa, Hitoshi; Kariya, Tetsuhiko

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00100.x

Cited by 67 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…non-perimenses). Regarding Stage 2 sleep features (i.e., spindles, slow oscillations and spindle/SO events), unlike prior reports (Ishizuka et al, 1994;Genzel et al, 2012), we did not find differences in spindle events based on sex and hormone phase, which may be due in part to the use of different menstrual cycle categories in this study. Additionally, we did not observe differences in SO events or spindle/SO coincidences between men and women, and no differences due to menstrual phase.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…It is unclear whether these sex differences in spindle activity relate to meaningful functional differences or whether they are simply an artifact from differences in skull thickness that amplifies the detection of spindles in women (cite check Dijk et al, 1988). In addition, it has been shown that spindle activity increases during luteal phase compare to follicular phase (Baker at., 2007;Baker et al, 2012, Driver et al, 1996Ishizuka et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of sex and menstrual phase on memory formation during a nap

Sattari

McDevitt

Panas

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Memory formation can be influenced by sleep and sex hormones in both men and women, and by the menstrual cycle in women. Though many studies have shown that sleep benefits the consolidation of memories, it is not clear whether this effect differs between men and women in general or according to menstrual phase in women. The present study investigated the effect of sex and menstrual cycle on memory consolidation of face-name associations (FNA) following a daytime nap. Recognition memory was tested using a face-name paired associates task with a polysomnographic nap between morning and evening testing. Seventeen healthy women (age: 20.75 (1.98) years) were studied at two time points of their menstrual cycles, defined from self-report and separated by 2 weeks (perimenses: -5 days to + 6 days from the start of menses, and non-perimenses: outside of the perimenses phase) and compared with eighteen healthy men (age: 22.01 (2.91) years). Regardless of menstrual phase, women had better pre-nap performance than men. Further, menstrual phase affected post-nap memory consolidation, with women showing greater forgetting in their perimenses phase compared with their nonperimenses phase, and men. Interestingly, post-nap performance correlated with electrophysiological events during sleep (slow oscillations, spindles, and temporal coupling between the two), however, these correlations differed according to menstrual phase and sex.Men's performance improvement was associated with the temporal coupling of spindles and slow oscillations (i.e., spindle/SO coincidence) as well as spindles. Women, however, showed an association with slow oscillations during non-perimenses, whereas when they were in their perimenses phase of their cycle, women appeared to show an association only with sleep spindle events for consolidation. These findings add to the growing literature demonstrating sex and menstrual phase effects on memory formation during sleep. THE EFFECT OF SEX AND MENSTRUAL CYCLE ON MEMORY 3

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sex and menstrual phase on memory formation during a nap

Sattari

McDevitt

Panas

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…Ho [21] reported an increase in SWS in the luteal phase, but most previous studies, including earlier studies done in our laboratory, have found no change in SWS [3,4,14,28] or slow wave activity [14,22] in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase. Instead, these studies have found decreased REM sleep [3], decreased latency to SWS [4], decreased ROL [28], or increased stage-2 sleep [14] in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Although there have been numerous studies investigating sleep during the natural menstrual cycle, the findings once again are inconsistent (see [13] for review). In the luteal phase, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been reported to be either reduced [3,14] or unchanged [4], and stage-2 non-REM sleep has been reported to increase in association with increased activity in the spindle frequency range (12)(13)(14)(15) [14,22], or remain unchanged [3,28]. Changes that occur in sleep during the menstrual cycle are thought to be associated with changes in progesterone [14], but the variability and the confounding interactions that occur between hormonal systems in the menstrual cycle make it difficult to attribute any variation in sleep to one hormone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral contraceptives alter sleep and raise body temperature in young women

Baker

Mitchell

Driver

2001

Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology

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Female reproductive steroids, oestrogen and progesterone, not only affect reproductive function, but also thermoregulation and sleep. Chronic administration of synthetic steroids, as occurs in women taking oral contraceptives, may affect these regulatory systems differently from endogenous oestrogen and progesterone. We therefore investigated body temperature and sleep in ten young women taking oral contraceptives, in the active and placebo phases of the contraceptive pack, and compared them to a group of nine women with ovulatory cycles, in the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases. Body temperature was raised throughout 24 h in the women taking oral contraceptives in the active phase, and in the naturally cycling women in the luteal phase, compared to the follicular phase. The women taking oral contraceptives in the placebo phase, however, continued to have raised body temperatures, similar to those in the active phase, indicating a prolonged action of synthetic reproductive steroids on body temperature. Sleep also was influenced by the endogenous and synthetic reproductive steroids, but independently of body temperature. The women taking oral contraceptives had more stage-2 non-rapid eye movement sleep in the active phase, both compared to their placebo phase and the naturally cycling women. The naturally cycling women, however, had more slow wave sleep in the luteal phase compared to the contraceptive group of women. Exogenous reproductive steroids therefore influence body temperature and sleep differently from endogenous progesterone and oestrogen.

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“…Because the experimental schedule is determined by each subject's clinical and personal needs, the time of day when subjects trained on the task was not controlled, nor was the time between task performance and sleep onset. Spindle rate is known to be affected by multiple factors including age, sex, menstrual cycle, and intelligence (32)(33)(34). For this reason absolute differences in spindle rate should not be compared between subjects; instead a relative difference is used to measure within-subject changes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep spindles are locally modulated by training on a brain–computer interface

Johnson

Blakely

Hermes

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The learning of a motor task is known to be improved by sleep, and sleep spindles are thought to facilitate this learning by enabling synaptic plasticity. In this study subjects implanted with electrocorticography (ECoG) arrays for long-term epilepsy monitoring were trained to control a cursor on a computer screen by modulating either the high-gamma or mu/beta power at a single electrode located over the motor or premotor area. In all trained subjects, spindle density in posttraining sleep was increased with respect to pretraining sleep in a remarkably spatially specific manner. The pattern of increased spindle activity reflects the functionally specific regions that were involved in learning of a highly novel and salient task during wakefulness, supporting the idea that sleep spindles are involved in learning to use a motorbased brain-computer interface device.

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Sleep spindle frequency changes during the menstrual cycle

Cited by 67 publications

References 12 publications

The effect of sex and menstrual phase on memory formation during a nap

The effect of sex and menstrual phase on memory formation during a nap

Oral contraceptives alter sleep and raise body temperature in young women

Sleep spindles are locally modulated by training on a brain–computer interface

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