Sleep, screen time and behaviour problems in preschool children: an actigraphy study

Kahn, Michal; Schnabel, Ortal; Gradisar, Michael; Rozen, Geila S.; Slone, Michelle; Atzaba‐Poria, Naama; Tikotzky, Liat; Sadeh, Avi

doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01654-w

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In children, sleep deprivation has been paid much more attention due to the essential stage of physical and mental development. Previous research indicated that the prevalence of insufficient sleep in children displayed an upward tendency with increasing age, and about 10% of children aged 1 to 3 years have sleep problems ( 8 ), while 15–30% of preschoolers have insufficient sleep ( 9 ). In adolescents aged 8 to 13 years, 71% of them were identified as short sleepers ( 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Insufficient Sleep and Bedtime Delay Among Kindergarten Children Aged 3 to 6 Years in a Rural Area of Shanghai: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Sleep deprivation in children is a global public health problem that affects the physical and mental development of children. Bedtime delay induced by longer screen time and heavy study load is a common cause of sleep deprivation in children. However, the prevalence of insufficient sleep and bedtime delay and related influencing factors among kindergarten children is limited in Shanghai, China.Methods: In 2018, we selected 8,586 children aged 3 to 6 years and their parents in Songjiang District, Shanghai. Data was collected among parents by face-to-face questionnaire interview with signed informed consent. We defined insufficient sleep as those who slept for < 10 h in children aged 3–5 years or 9 h in children aged 6 years within 24 h, and we define bedtime delay as children with bedtime after 21:00. SAS 9.1.3 software was used to calculate the prevalence of bedtime delay and insufficient sleep, and logistic regression was used to explore potential influencing factors.Results: The prevalence of insufficient sleep and bedtime delay among children aged 3 to 6 years was 11.67 and 56.85%, respectively. The prevalence of insufficient sleep among boys was slightly higher than among girls [odds ratio (OR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.35]. With the increase of the age of children, the prevalence of insufficient sleep increased gradually (P < 0.05). The prevalence of insufficient sleep was higher among the only child in the family (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.36) and those with longer hours of TV watching (OR = 109, 95% CI: 1.02–1.16). Meanwhile, the prevalence of bedtime delay was also higher among the only child in the family (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.79), among those with parents accompanying for sleep (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10-1.34), and those with longer TV watching time (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.18).Conclusions: Insufficient sleep and bedtime delay were prevalent in Chinese children aged 3 to 6 years, especially in boys and older children. TV watching as well as parents accompanying for sleep were associated with insufficient sleep and bedtime delay. We recommend that parents should limit the screen time of children, advocate earlier bedtime and later morning wake-up among children, as well as make their children sleep in separate beds or rooms in younger age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Insufficient Sleep and Bedtime Delay Among Kindergarten Children Aged 3 to 6 Years in a Rural Area of Shanghai: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, extended screen time may be detrimental only to the extent that it displaces other beneficial activities, such as physical activity and sleep. In a recent actigraphy study, prolonged screen time was associated with more behavior problems only in preschool children who slept for less than 9.9 h per night [ 66 ]. Thus, the increase in infant sleep duration during COVID-19, as demonstrated in the present study, may have somewhat mitigated the potential adverse effects of increased screen exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 babies: auto-videosomnography and parent reports of infant sleep, screen time, and parent well-being in 2019 vs 2020

Kahn

Barnett²,

Glazer³

et al. 2021

Sleep Medicine

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Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted families, yet studies on its effects on infants and their parents have thus far been sparse and based mostly on retrospective parent reporting. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the impact of COVID-19 living conditions on infant and parent sleep, as well as infant screen exposure, parent daytime sleepiness, and parent depression levels, using multi-method assessment. Methods Infant and parent data collected in 2020 were compared with a matched cohort collected in 2019. The total sample included 1518 US infants aged 1–18 months ( M = 8.5, SD = 4.6; 54% boys). Auto-videosomnography metrics were obtained from the 14-day period prior to survey completion (number of analyzed nights: M = 12.11 SD = 2.66 in the 2019 cohort; and M = 11.91 SD = 2.41 in the 2020 cohort). Parents completed online questionnaires regarding their infant's sleep and screen exposure, as well as their own sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and depression levels. Results Compared to 2019, infants in 2020 slept ∼40 min more per night on average, as indicated by auto-videosomnography. Infants additionally had earlier sleep timing, and increased parent-reported sleep-onset latency and nocturnal wakefulness. Infant screen time rose by 18.3 min per day for older infants, but remained stable for younger infants. Parents reported lower daytime sleepiness and higher depression symptomology during 2020, whereas no change was apparent in their sleep quality ratings. Conclusions Restricted living conditions during COVID-19 in the USA led to increased infant screen exposure and parental depression, but also to increased infant sleep duration and reduced parent sleepiness. Future research is needed to examine the mechanistic pathways through which COVID-19 impacted on infant and parent well-being.

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“…The authors, however, acknowledged the need for further longitudinal studies to evaluate the relationship between ST and the internalising of mental symptoms. 25 Similar calls for longitudinal research were made to understand the moderating role of sleep, especially in children, on the effects of ST. 26 An editorial published by the Association for Child and Mental Health concluded that not all forms of ST have equal effects as some were not associated with adverse effects. 27 The need for high-quality, longitudinal research that disaggregates the differential effects on different groups of users, to inform how the positive effects of ST can be harnessed, was highlighted.…”

Section: Screen Time and Mental Well-being Of Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen-based behaviour in children is more than meets the eye

Munsamy

Chetty

Ramlall

2022

South African Family Practice

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Increased screen time (ST) in children is quickly becoming a public health concern as children are now reliant on technology for social interaction and educational development. The eye-health community has paid considerable attention to this in the recent literature, documenting it as digital eye strain. Continual close eye work and a lack of outdoor play contribute to digital eye strain and today’s myopia epidemic. This is a cause for concern for public health stakeholders insofar as it leads to sedentary, screen-based behaviour (SSB) in children. This results in a lack of physical activity and impacts both their bodies and their mental health. The potentially harmful effects of prolonged screen exposure on developing brains and bodies are likely to be unique and significant as physiological growth changes intersect with exponentially expanding e-platforms. While embracing the benefits of a highly digitalised world, we need to simultaneously mitigate the potential risks they pose to the health of growing children.

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Sleep, screen time and behaviour problems in preschool children: an actigraphy study

Cited by 35 publications

References 55 publications

The Prevalence of Insufficient Sleep and Bedtime Delay Among Kindergarten Children Aged 3 to 6 Years in a Rural Area of Shanghai: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Prevalence of Insufficient Sleep and Bedtime Delay Among Kindergarten Children Aged 3 to 6 Years in a Rural Area of Shanghai: A Cross-Sectional Study

COVID-19 babies: auto-videosomnography and parent reports of infant sleep, screen time, and parent well-being in 2019 vs 2020

Screen-based behaviour in children is more than meets the eye

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