Sleep‐related motor and behavioral disorders: Recent advances and new entities

Abstract

Patients with sleep-related motor and behavioral disorders present to a variety of subspecialty clinics (neurology, sleep medicine, respiratory medicine, psychiatry). Diagnosing these disorders can be difficult, and sometimes they have a significant impact on quality of life. Alongside a number of common and well-recognized conditions, several new disease entities have been described in recent years that present with abnormal nocturnal motor phenomena (such as ADCY5-associated disease and anti-IgLON5 disease). Our understanding of the neural basis and prognostic significance of other sleep-related disorders has also grown, particularly rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. This review (along with a collection of previously unpublished videos) is intended to aid in the recognition and treatment of these patients. The recent change in terminology from nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy to sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy is also discussed. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Abnormal behaviors during sleep from the viewpoint of sleep epileptology: current and future perspectives on diagnosis

“…Diagnosis of ABDS is difficult for the following reasons (Breen et al 2018;Ingravallo et al 2014). On the patient side, i) since ABDS are rarely observed (or video recorded), patients have little or no subjective information about the symptoms (it is also often the case that nobody else notices them); ii) patients do not have a medical examination until they realize disadvantages in social life, or experience trauma caused by ABDS.…”

“…Due to ABDS, patients and their bed partners can even get hurt, which sometimes requires forensic psychiatric evidence/decisions (Ingravallo et al 2014). In short, ABDS may severely affect the quality of life (QOL) of patients and their families (Breen et al 2018;Ingravallo et al 2014).…”

“…I also argue that it is imperative to develop a novel approach based on sleep epileptology (Chiba 2019), a field which targets the interface between sleep medicine and epileptology to uncover the pathophysiology behind ABDS. classification of Breen et al (Breen et al 2018) who incorporated the latest insights into the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), third edition (ICSD-3, 2014) (American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2014). In the other category, from my clinical experience, of particular importance are delirium, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and dissociative (conversion) disorder, which are frequently observed in medical practice.…”

“Sleep epileptology”—a new field of sleep medicine and epileptology

“…The cumulative incidence rate by age 85 years is high at 4.4%. Epileptic seizures tend to occur during sleep and exhibit abnormal motor and behavior symptoms (AMBS) during sleep [1].The progress of the two research fields of sleep medicine and epileptology has been advancing with the recent development of long-term monitoring using video-polysomnography with full-montage EEG (V-PSG), various brain imaging technologies, and genetic screening systems. Great attention has been paid to the close relationship between the two fields, accumulating fruitful research findings.…”

“…The cumulative incidence rate by age 85 years is high at 4.4%. Epileptic seizures tend to occur during sleep and exhibit abnormal motor and behavior symptoms (AMBS) during sleep [1].…”