Sleep, physical activity and BMI in six to ten-year-old children measured by accelerometry: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to describe the relationship between objective measures of sleep, physical activity and BMI in Swedish pre-adolescents. The day-to-day association between physical activity and sleep quality as well as week-day and weekend pattern of sleep is also described.MethodWe conducted a cross sectional study consisted of a cohort of 1.231 children aged six to ten years within the Stockholm county area. Sleep and physical activity were measured by accelerometry during seven consecutive days. Outcome measures are total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep start and sleep end; physical activity intensity divided into: sedentary (<1.5 METS), light (1.5 to 3 METS) and moderate-to-vigorous (> 3 METS); and Body Mass Index standard deviations score, BMIsds.ResultsTotal sleep time decreased with increasing age, and was shorter in boys than girls on both weekdays and weekends. Late bedtime but consistent wake-up time during weekends made total sleep time shorter on weekends than on weekdays. Day-to-day within-subject analysis revealed that moderate-to-vigorous intense physical activity promoted an increased sleep efficiency the following night (CI < 0.001 to 0.047), while total sleep time was not affected (CI -0.003 to 0.043). Neither sleep duration (CI -0.024 to 0.022) nor sleep efficiency (CI -0.019 to 0.028) affected mean physical activity level the subsequent day. The between-subject analysis indicates that the sleep of children characterized by high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the day was frequently interrupted (SE = -.23, P < .01). A negative association between BMIsds and sleep duration was found (-.10, p < .01).ConclusionsShort sleep duration was associated with high BMI in six to ten year old children. This study underscores the importance of consistent bedtimes throughout the week for promoting sleep duration in preadolescents. Furthermore, this study suggests that a large proportion of intensive physical activity during the day might promote good sleep quality.

Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth

“…Meeting/not meeting guidelines (≥60 min/d MVPA): VERY LOW q 2/3 studies reported favourable associations (Steele et al 2009;Martinez-Gomez et al 2010b); 1/3 studies reported null associations (Mendoza et al 2012) Total PA: 9/22 studies reported favourable associations (Duncan et al 2008;Riddoch et al 2009;Steele et al 2009;Belcher et al 2010;Ferrar and Olds 2010;Owen et al 2010;Mark and Janssen 2011;Ekstedt et al 2013;Manios et al 2013) 8/22 studies reported mixed favourable and null associations (Andersen et al 2006;Duncan et al 2006;Ness et al 2007;Ortega et al 2007;Dollman et al 2010;Ruiz et al 2011;Tudor-Locke et al 2011;Jimenez-Pavon et al 2013c) 3/22 studies reported null associations Hands et al 2009;Martinez-Gomez et al 2012 (Ekelund et al 2004;Lohman et al 2006;Steele et al 2009;Martinez-Gomez et al 2010b;Mark and Janssen 2011;Sayers et al 2011;Chung et al 2012;Martinez-Gomez et al 2012;Jimenez-Pavon et al 2013a;Katzmarzyk et al 2015b). 4/15 studies reported mixed favourable and null associations Belcher et al 2010;Kelly et al 2010;Jimenez-Pavon et al 2013c) 1/15 studies reported mixed null and unfavourable associations ) MVPA: 20/30 studies reported favourable associations (Ekelund et al 2004;…”

“…4/15 studies reported mixed favourable and null associations Belcher et al 2010;Kelly et al 2010;Jimenez-Pavon et al 2013c) 1/15 studies reported mixed null and unfavourable associations ) MVPA: 20/30 studies reported favourable associations (Ekelund et al 2004;Lohman et al 2006;Ness et al 2007;Stevens et al 2007;Mark and Janssen 2009;Riddoch et al 2009;Steele et al 2009;Belcher et al 2010;Martinez-Gomez et al 2010b;Holman et al 2011;Grydeland et al 2012;Lawman et al 2012;Carson et al 2013;Ekstedt et al 2013;Jimenez-Pavon et al 2013a;Taverno Ross et al 2013;da Silva et al 2014;Young et al 2014;Katzmarzyk et al 2015aKatzmarzyk et al , 2015b) 6/30 studies reported mixed favourable and null associations Peart et al 2011;Ruiz et al 2011;Mendoza et al 2012;St George et al 2013;Jimenez-Pavon et al 2013c) 3/30 studies reported null associations (Hurtig-Wennlof et al 2007;Ortega et al 2007;Martinez-Gomez et al 2012) 1/30 studies reported mixed null and unfavourable associations (Mark and Janssen 2009;Holman et al 2011) 3 studies examined bouts of MVPA and associations were favourable (2/3 studies; Holman et al 2011;da Silva et al 2014) or mixed (favourable and null; 1/3 studies; Mark and Janssen 2009) MPA: 2/10 studies reported favourable associations …”

Systematic review of the relationships between sleep duration and health indicators in school-aged children and youth

“…e Includes 58 cross-sectional studies (Al-Hazzaa 2014;Al-Hazzaa et al 2012;Araujo et al 2012;Awad et al 2013;Bawazeer et al 2009;Bel et al 2013;Berentzen et al 2014;Butte et al 2007;Chaput et al 2011Chaput et al , 2014Calamaro et al 2010;Colley et al 2012;Culnan et al 2013;Danielsen et al 2010;de Jong et al 2012;Do et al 2013;Ekstedt et al 2013;Eisenmann et al 2006;Garaulet et al 2011;Guo et al 2012;Gupta et al 2002;Hense et al 2011;Hiscock et al 2011;Hjorth et al 2014aHjorth et al , 2014bHuang et al 2010;Katzmarzyk et al 2015;Knutson 2005;Knutson and Lauderdale 2007;Kong et al 2011;Kuciene and Dulskiene 2014;Lee and Park 2014;Liou et al 2010;Lowry et al 2012;Magee et al 2013a;Martinez-Gomez et al 2011;Meldrum and Restivo 2014;Morley et al 2012;Martinez et al 2014;Ozturk et al 2009;Padez et al 2009;Pallesen et al 2011;Park 2011…”

Nighttime Sleep Duration and Sleep Behaviors among Toddlers from Low-Income Families: Associations with Obesogenic Behaviors and Obesity and the Role of Parenting

“…One study found that school-aged children achieving adequate sleep (>9 hours) participated in higher intensity physical activity compared with children sleeping <9 hours, 7 with other studies finding no association between sleep duration and physical activity. 8,9 Studies examining relationships between sleep duration and diet among schoolaged children consistently demonstrated that shorter sleep duration was associated with poor diet quality. [10][11][12] With limited research available on sleep in toddlerhood, little is known about associations among toddler sleep duration, sleep behaviors, and obesogenic behaviors and obesity.…”