Sleep-patterns, sleep hygiene behaviors and parental monitoring among Bahrain-based Indian adolescents

Abstract

Introduction:Sleep plays an important role in adolescent's health and undergoes substantial changes with puberty and physical maturation with a preference for later bed times. Evidence shows that many adolescents are not obtaining the required amounts of sleep which is 9.25 h, due to inadequate sleep practices, academic and societal demands. This study aims at describing the (1) sleep patterns of adolescents on school days and weekends, (2) sleep hygiene practices and the extent of parental monitoring and (3) gender and grade level differences in sleep duration and sleep hygiene practices among Indian adolescents in Bahrain.Materials and Methods:Study used a descriptive correlational design. A total of 145 adolescents from 11 to 17 years from grade 6 to 12 were selected using convenience sampling. Data was collected from November 2012 to March 2013. A structured questionnaire for sleep patterns and Mastin et al.'s Sleep Hygiene Index for assessing sleep hygiene practices were used.Results:The adolescents’ total sleep duration was 7.07 ± 1.13 hours. A highly significant difference in sleep duration on school days and weekends between adolescents of various grade levels (P < 0.001 and 0.001, respectively) and between parental monitoring at the time of getting up on school days and sleep duration (P value 0.026 at 0.05 level of significance) was found. Gender was not significant with the sleep duration, and also with Sleep Hygiene Index scores.Conclusion:The results suggest that there is a high prevalence of insufficient sleep and irregular bed-time schedule among Indian adolescents in Bahrain. Interventions directed toward improving sleep and promoting good sleep hygiene strategies are required to improve the physical and emotional health of adolescents.

Sleep patterns and its relation to lifestyle habits: a study of secondary high school students in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

“…In our study, sleep duration was not significantly associated with age or grade. The finding is not consistent with a study done by John in 2015 this previous study [10] . However, this finding is consistent with Yang et al [16] as it is stated that the transition point for changes in sleep duration occurs in the 10th grade as all higher grades (10th, 11th, and 12th) have the same academic demand and our study included those three grades only.…”

“…Our questionnaire was adopted and modified from previous studies [8] , [10] . The questionnaire, consisted of 4 sections: i) demographic data; ii) sleep patterns of adolescents; iii) sleep problems including (difficulty falling asleep, frequent arousals with difficulty getting back to sleep, early morning awakenings with inability to fall back to sleep again and non-restoring sleep) all of those problems are used to assess for insomnia [7] ; iv) lifestyle habits including physical activity, smoking and use of electrical devices (TV, computer, tablet, or mobile phones) before sleep.…”

Development of a consensus statement on the role of the family in the physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours of children and youth

“…• Evidence showed that good sleep hygiene (e.g., regular bedtimes, read at bedtime, or fall asleep in bed) was positively associated with sleep duration [160][161][162][163][164][165][166], sleep quality [167], and negatively associated with sleep latency (the amount of time it takes to go from being fully awake to sleeping) [168]. • Implementing consistent bedtime routines (e.g., bath, massage, brushing teeth, and quiet activities) has been shown to be beneficial for sleep onset latency, frequency and duration of nighttime awakenings, and sleep consolidation [169].…”

A comparative study assessing sleep duration and associated factors among adolescents studying in different types of schools in an urban area of Kerala, India

“…Adolescence is a critical period which marks puberty and physical maturation, where there is a gradual transition between childhood and adulthood. [1] Sleep affects physical, mental, and emotional development of the adolescents, and it has a potential impact on their academic performance. [2] Adolescents should sleep 8–10 h/day on a regular basis to promote optimal health.…”