Sleep patterns in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder, and comorbidity

Kirov, Roumen; Kinkelbur, Jörg; Banaschewski, Tobias; Rothenberger, Aribert

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01729.x

Cited by 105 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, the rate of sleep problems varied between countries and was very low (< 1 %) in Italy. The relationship between sleep and ADHD is complex and not well understood [19,20,27]. Sleep disturbance is an important symptom in unmedicated children with ADHD, but is also considered a frequent side effect of stimulant treatment [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study design, baseline patient characteristics and intervention in a cross-cultural framework: results from the ADORE study

Preuss

Ralston²,

Baldursson

et al. 2006

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study design, baseline patient characteristics and intervention in a cross-cultural framework: results from the ADORE study

Preuss

Ralston²,

Baldursson

et al. 2006

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…In ADHD, commonly associated with sleep disorders, there is initial insomnia, sleepwalking and hypersomnia. 28 In a study conducted by Kirov et al, 53 and sleep disorders may result from anxiety disorders, particularly separation anxiety. The role of genetic factors has also been studied.…”

Section: Sleep Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourette's syndrome and associated disorders: a systematic review

Ferreira

Pio-Abreu

Januário

2014

Trends Psychiatry Psychother.

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Objective: To compile data on Tourette's syndrome (TS), tics and associated disorders. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the 5S levels of organization of healthcare research evidence (systems, summaries, synopses, syntheses, studies), based on the model described by Haynes. The search keywords were Tourette, tics and comorbidity, which were cross-referenced. Studies provided by publishers and articles being processed on July 31, 2013, were also included. Results: Of all studies retrieved during the search, 64 were selected because they analyzed the epidemiology, clinical features and etiopathogenesis of TS and its comorbidities. TS is classified as a hyperkinetic movement disorder, and at least 90% of the patients have neuropsychiatric comorbidities, of which attention deficit hyperactivity and obsessive-compulsive disorders are the most common. The syndrome is clinically heterogeneous and has been associated with a dysfunction of cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuits involving various neurotransmitters. Although its genetic etiology has been widely studied, other factors may be important to understand this syndrome and its associated disorders. Conclusions: TS is a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from the impact of stress factors on a vulnerable biological substrate during the critical periods of neurodevelopment. The study of TS and its comorbidities may contribute, at different levels, to the understanding of several neuropsychiatric disorders of clinical and therapeutic relevance. Keywords: Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, comorbidity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, tics, Tourette's syndrome. ResumoObjetivo: Compilar o conhecimento existente sobre a síndrome de Tourette (ST), tiques e patologias associadas. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura usando os níveis 5S (sistemas, sumários, sinopses, sínteses e estudos) de organização de evidência de pesquisa em saúde, com base no modelo proposto por Haynes. Os termos de busca foram Tourette, tiques e comorbidades, completados por pesquisa por referência cruzada. Os artigos fornecidos pelos editores e aqueles a serem processados para publicação em 31 de julho de 2013 também foram incluídos. Resultados: De todos os artigos encontrados durante a pesquisa, 64 foram selecionados porque analisavam a epidemiologia, as características clínicas e a etiopatogenia da ST. A ST define-se como um distúrbio hipercinético do movimento, e pelo menos 90% dos pacientes apresentam comorbidades neuropsiquiátricas, das quais as mais comuns são a perturbação de déficit de atenção com hiperatividade e a perturbação obsessivo--compulsiva. Esta síndrome é clinicamente heterogênea e tem sido relacionada com a disfunção dos circuitos córtico-estriado--tálamo-corticais envolvendo vários neurotransmissores. Apesar de sua etiologia genética ter sido amplamente estudada, outros fatores podem ser importantes para entender esta síndrome e as perturbações relacionadas. Conclusões: A ST resulta de uma p...

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“…In the ADHD/tic disorder (TD) study, children with tic disorders showed significantly more microarousals in REM sleep than those without TD. 20 The ADHD-only literature, however, shows a lack of significant differences in objective sleep measurements for children with ADHD versus controls, with a meta-analysis of 16 studies showing no difference in REM variables 21 and a more recent study showing no differences on any sleep variables. 22 In total, objective studies of pediatric sleep in neuropsychiatric disorders are scarce and the absence of PSG is particularly notable.…”

Section: Brief Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Abnormalities in Children with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS)

Gaughan

Buckley

Hommer

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Study Objectives: Polysomnographic investigation of sleep architecture in children presenting with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). Methods: Fifteen consecutive subjects meeting criteria for PANS (mean age = 7.2 y; range 3-10 y) underwent single-night full polysomnography (PSG) read by a pediatric neurologist. Results: Thirteen of 15 subjects (87%) had abnormalities detected with PSG. Twelve of 15 had evidence of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep motor disinhibition, as characterized by excessive movement, laughing, hand stereotypies, moaning, or the continuation of periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) into REM sleep. Conclusions: This study shows various forms of REM sleep motor disinhibition present in a population of children with PANS. Keywords: obsessive compulsive disorder, PANS, polysomnography, REM sleep behavior disorder Citation: Gaughan T, Buckley A, Hommer R, Grant P; Williams K, Leckman JF, Swedo SE. Rapid eye movement sleep abnormalities in children with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). J Clin Sleep Med 2016;12(7):1027-1032. I NTRO DUCTI O N Schenck et al.1 were the first to suggest that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep neurobehavioral disorders were a separate category of parasomnia in a 1986 case series of four males aged 67-72 y. Polysomnography (PSG) of these four subjects showed a loss of chin atonia and high limb-twitch activity among other REM sleep pathology, whereas videography showed various REM sleep behaviors including punching, kicking, and dream enactment.1 Since then, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) has been recognized across a wide range of ages, sometimes decades prior to the onset of other neurobehavioral changes and often heralding serious neurodegenerative conditions affecting synuclein.2 A recent retrospective study of patients showing REM sleep without atonia on PSG found a majority (73%) of patients had idiopathic RBD, defined as RBD in the absence of known neurological or sleep disorders.3 Recent reports suggest that clinical and subclinical forms of RBD occur in children and adolescents.4 Although pediatric RBD is considered to be a rare occurrence, its prevalence may be underestimated due to limited awareness, overlap with other parasomnias, and the requirement of nocturnal PSG for diagnosis.4,5 Additionally, it is unclear whether or not the adult clinical definitions should pertain to pediatric presentations due to a current lack of neuropathologic studies of childhood RBD.4 Differentiating RBD from other parasomnias in the younger population is significant clinically because of the potential to inform on neuropsychiatric state and therefore guide treatment choices, as evidenced in conditions such as narcolepsy where 60% of patients will have RBD. In adult psychiatric populations, RBD has been associated with the use of psychotropic medications and particularly with serotonin reuptake-blocking antidepressants.3,7 However, a recent study suggests that antidepressants cannot fully explain RBD symptomatology in their psychiat...

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Sleep patterns in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder, and comorbidity

Abstract: ADHD and TD are characterized by specific sleep alterations. When coexisting, the two disorders alter the sleep pattern in an additive manner, suggesting a high impact on clinical and therapeutic perspectives.

Cited by 105 publications

References 43 publications

Study design, baseline patient characteristics and intervention in a cross-cultural framework: results from the ADORE study

Study design, baseline patient characteristics and intervention in a cross-cultural framework: results from the ADORE study

Tourette's syndrome and associated disorders: a systematic review

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Abnormalities in Children with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS)

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