Sleep Pattern and Intelligence in Functional Mental Retardation

Castaldo, Vincenzo; Krynicki, Victor

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1973.tb01206.x

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Fewer eye movements during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Feinberg et al, 1968;Clausen et al, 1977) and lower REM sleep rates (Grubar, 1983) have been observed in the mentally handicapped group compared with 'normal' controls. Such reports are consistent with the finding that, within the client group of people with mental handicap, REM sleep measures have been quantitatively related to level of intellectual functioning (Feinberg, 1968;Feinberg et al, 1969;Castaldo & Krynicki, 1973;Clausen et al, 1977). The presentation of mental handicap, therefore, is associated with impoverished REM sleep.…”

Section: Studies Investigating Sleep Patternssupporting

confidence: 87%

Sleep patterns and sleep problems amongst people with mental handicap*

Espie

Tweedie

1991

J intellect Disabil Res

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This paper is in two parts. The first part reviews the available literature describing sleep patterns of people with mental handicap and the nature and prevalence of sleep disorders amongst this client group. Both electroencephalographic studies and informant-based reports are included. The literature is small, particularly in terms of the latter reports, and most of the information from both E.E.G. and informant sources describes populations of children with mental handicap. The need for further investigation of sleep and sleep problems, particularly amongst adults with mental handicap, therefore, becomes evident. The second part presents the results of a detailed sleep survey of 120 adults with mental handicap, approximately half of whom were resident in hospital and half in the community. A descriptive summary of the total sample is provided. Fifteen per cent of the sample presented significant sleep problems, particularly in the form of intermittent wakenings. The results of comparisons between (1) good and poor sleepers (2) hospital and community residents and (3) people with mental handicap and 'normal' adults (using data from another study) are then presented. The relationships between sleep and daytime functioning and the potential usefulness of behavioural approaches to management of sleep pattern are discussed. I

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Section: Studies Investigating Sleep Patternssupporting

confidence: 87%

Sleep patterns and sleep problems amongst people with mental handicap*

Espie

Tweedie

1991

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…The literature commonly emphasized the importance of a relationship between REM sleep and intellectual functioning: the greater the level of mental retardation, the lower the amount of REM sleep (Castaldo and Krynicki, 1973; Espie et al. , 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, Aihara and Hashimoto (1986), reporting a similar amount of REM sleep in children with autism and normal controls, observed an abnormal presence of spindling-like activity during REM and the presence of rapid eye movements during light sleep, suggesting a defect of maturational process in these children. Elia (Castaldo and Krynicki, 1973;Espie et al, 1998). However, many studies suggested that sleep patterns of children with autism differ from other developmental disabilities (Krakowiak et al, 2008;Richdale and Prior, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in children with autism with and without autistic regression

Giannotti

Cortesi

Cerquiglini

et al. 2010

Journal of Sleep Research

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Summary The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize and compare traditional sleep architecture and non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep microstructure in a well‐defined cohort of children with regressive and non‐regressive autism, and in typically developing children (TD). We hypothesized that children with regressive autism would demonstrate a greater degree of sleep disruption either at a macrostructural or microstructural level and a more problematic sleep as reported by parents. Twenty‐two children with non‐regressive autism, 18 with regressive autism without comorbid pathologies and 12 with TD, aged 5–10 years, underwent standard overnight multi‐channel polysomnographic evaluation. Parents completed a structured questionnaire (Childrens’ Sleep Habits Questionnaire—CSHQ). The initial hypothesis, that regressed children have more disrupted sleep, was supported by our findings that they scored significantly higher on CSHQ, particularly on bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration and night wakings CSHQ subdomains than non‐regressed peers, and both scored more than typically developing controls. Regressive subjects had significantly less efficient sleep, less total sleep time, prolonged sleep latency, prolonged REM latency and more time awake after sleep onset than non‐regressive children and the TD group. Regressive children showed lower cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) rates and A1 index in light sleep than non‐regressive and TD children. Our findings suggest that, even though no particular differences in sleep architecture were found between the two groups of children with autism, those who experienced regression showed more sleep disorders and a disruption of sleep either from a macro‐ or from a microstructural viewpoint.

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Sleep patterns of Down's syndrome children: Effects of butoctamide hydrogen succinate (BAHS) administration

et al. 1986

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Several investigators have described the altered sleep patterns in Down's syndrome subjects. The most relevant findings have been a reduction in percentage of REM sleep, a prolonged latency to the first REM episode, an increase in undifferentiated sleep, and a reduced ratio of the oculomotor frequencies. Because it is of interest to identify new drugs able to increase the percentage of REM sleep in mentally retarded subjects, we studied the effects of butoctamide hydrogen succinate (BAHS) on nocturnal sleep in eight young institutionalized Down's syndrome subjects. BAHS produced a significant increase in the percentage of REM sleep as well as a decrease in undifferentiated sleep and latency to the first REM.

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Sleep Pattern and Intelligence in Functional Mental Retardation

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Sleep patterns and sleep problems amongst people with mental handicap*

Sleep patterns and sleep problems amongst people with mental handicap*

Sleep in children with autism with and without autistic regression

Sleep patterns of Down's syndrome children: Effects of butoctamide hydrogen succinate (BAHS) administration

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