Sleep Paralysis and psychopathology

Mume, Celestine Okorome; Ikem, IC

doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v15i4.185

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Little research has been done to date on the relationship between SP and other diseases. Mume and Ikem, 2009 showed that there are signi cant differences in the prevalence of SP between healthy and sick people. In their study, SP was reported by 28% of healthy people, 44% of orthopedic patients, and 56% of patients complaining of multiple somatic complaints [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mume and Ikem, 2009 showed that there are signi cant differences in the prevalence of SP between healthy and sick people. In their study, SP was reported by 28% of healthy people, 44% of orthopedic patients, and 56% of patients complaining of multiple somatic complaints [37]. In a study by Takeuchi et al, 2002, the group of subjects who experienced isolated SP exhibited poorer performance, more complaints of physical, mental, and neurotic symptoms, and increased subjective fatigue compared to subjects who never experienced SP [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors that may in uence the occurrence of SP also include a high body mass index (BMI) [8], the level of general health [21,36,37], arterial hypertension [36], and chronic pain [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors of Sleep Paralysis in A Population of Polish Students

Wróbel-Knybel

Flis

Róg

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Sleep paralysis (SP) is a transit dissociative state associated with the REM sleep phase that affects approximately 28.3% of the student population during their lifetime. The reasons for the high prevalence of SP in the student population are not entirely clear. Research indicates possible influencing factors such as the intensification of anxiety symptoms, a tendency to worry, the presence of PTSD symptoms, and behavioral factors such as the consumption of psychoactive substances (caffeine, alcohol, nicotine) and poor sleep hygiene. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of SP and its risk factors in the Polish student population. Methods: The study used a battery online consisting of a set of questionnaires (a personal questionnaire, 2) the SP-EPQ, 3) the PCL -5, 4) the STAI-T, 5) the PSWQ). The questionnaire was sent via Facebook to 4500 randomly selected students from different universities in Poland. The questionnaire was completed by 2598 students. To unify the participant sample, people over 35 were excluded from the study (45 students). Ultimately, data from 2553 students were analyzed. Results: A total of 33.14% of individuals experienced at least one episode of SP in their lives. The highest odds ratio for SP was associated with: the presence of three or more health problems (OR: 2.3; p = 0.002), the presence of any mental disorder (OR: 1.77; p = 0.002), including mood disorders (OR: 2.07 ; p = 0.002), suffering from at least one somatic disorder (OR: 1.34; p = 0.002), a high level of anxiety as a constant personality trait (OR: 1.20; p = 0.035) and smoking (OR: 1.48; p = 0.0002), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.52; p <0.0001), physical activity (OR: 1.31; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The results of our research indicate that a large proportion of students experienced isolated sleep paralysis. Mental and somatic health problems and lifestyle factors were found to predispose to this disorder. Due to the numerous risk factors for SP, it is necessary to conduct additional research to confirm the impact of these factors and to investigate the mechanisms of their influence on SP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors of Sleep Paralysis in A Population of Polish Students

Wróbel-Knybel

Flis

Róg

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mume and Ikem, 2009 showed that there are significant differences in the prevalence of SP between healthy and sick people. In their study, SP was reported by 28% of healthy people, 44% of orthopedic patients, and 56% of patients complaining of multiple somatic complaints [ 37 ]. In a study by Takeuchi et al, 2002, the group of subjects who experienced isolated SP exhibited poorer performance, more complaints of physical, mental, and neurotic symptoms, and increased subjective fatigue compared to subjects who never experienced SP [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors that may influence the occurrence of SP also include a high body mass index (BMI) [ 8 ], the level of general health [ 21 , 36 , 37 ], arterial hypertension [ 36 ], and chronic pain [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of sleep paralysis in a population of Polish students

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Sleep paralysis (SP) is a transitional dissociative state associated with the REM sleep phase that affects approximately 28.3% of the student population during their lifetime. The reasons for the high prevalence of SP in the student population are not entirely clear. Research indicates possible influencing factors such as the intensification of anxiety symptoms, a tendency to worry, the presence of PTSD symptoms, and behavioral factors such as the consumption of psychoactive substances (caffeine, alcohol, nicotine), sleep deprivations and poor sleep hygiene. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of SP and determine the risk factors for the occurrence of SP in the population of Polish students. Methods The study used a battery online consisting of a set of questionnaires 1) a personal questionnaire, 2) the SP-EPQ, 3) the PCL −5, 4) the STAI-T, 5) the PSWQ. The questionnaire was sent via Facebook to 4500 randomly selected students from different universities in Poland. The questionnaire was completed by 2598 students. To unify the participant sample, people over 35 were excluded from the study (45 students). Ultimately, data from 2553 students were analyzed. Results A total of 33.14% of individuals experienced at least one episode of SP in their lives. The highest odds ratio for SP was associated with: the presence of three or more health problems (OR: 2.3; p = 0.002), the presence of any mental disorder (OR: 1.77; p = 0.002), including mood disorders (OR: 2.07; p = 0.002), suffering from at least one somatic disease (OR: 1.34; p = 0.002), a high level of anxiety as a constant personality trait (OR: 1.20; p = 0.035) and smoking (OR: 1.48; p = 0.0002), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.52; p < 0.0001), physical activity (OR: 1.31; p = 0.001). Conclusions The results of our research indicate that a large proportion of students experienced isolated sleep paralysis. Mental and somatic health problems and lifestyle factors were found to predispose individuals to this disorder. Due to the numerous risk factors for SP, it is necessary to conduct additional research to confirm the impact of these factors and to investigate the mechanisms of their influence on SP.

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Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Sleeping Paralysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hefnawy,

Amer,

Amer

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Sleep paralysis (SP) is a mixed state of consciousness and sleep, combining features of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep with those of wakefulness. The exact cause of SP is unknown, and its prevalence varies among the studies. We aim to identify SP's global prevalence, the affected population's characteristics, and the SP's clinical picture. We searched three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS)) using a unique search strategy to identify eligible studies. All observational studies identifying the prevalence or frequency of sleeping paralysis were included. No exclusions are made based on country, race, or questionnaire. The analysis was performed using the latest version of R software (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). The analysis included 76 studies from 25 countries with 167,133 participants. The global prevalence of SP was 30% (95% CI (22%, 39%)). There were similar frequencies of isolated SP and SP (33%, 95% CI (26%, 42%), I2 = 97%, P <0.01; 31%, 95% CI (21%, 43%), I2 = 100%, P = 0, respectively). A subgroup analysis showed that the majority of those who experienced SP were psychiatric patients (35%, 95% CI (20%, 55%), I2 = 96%, P <0.01). The prevalence among non-psychiatric patients was among students (34%, 95% CI (23%, 47%), I2 = 100%, P = 0). Auditory and visual hallucinations were reported in 24.25% of patients. Around 4% had only visual hallucinations. Meta-regression showed no association between the frequency of SP and sex. Publication bias was detected among the included studies through visual inspection of funnel plot asymmetry. Our findings revealed that 30% of the population suffered from SP, especially psychiatric patients and students. The majority of SP cases lacked associated hallucinations, while a noteworthy proportion experienced combined visual and auditory hallucinations.

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Sleep Paralysis and psychopathology

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Risk Factors of Sleep Paralysis in A Population of Polish Students

Risk Factors of Sleep Paralysis in A Population of Polish Students

Risk factors of sleep paralysis in a population of Polish students

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Sleeping Paralysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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