Sleep Monitoring of Children With Nocturnal Enuresis: A Narrative Review

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to provide a succinct summary of the sleep monitoring efforts that have been used in nocturnal enuresis (NE) and an overview of the knowledge that has accrued. This is not intended to be a comprehensive review, but rather is intended to highlight how polysomnography (PSG), a common sleep detection tool, has contributed to our understanding of NE, as arousal disorder is considered to be one of the important mechanisms. The authors have organized this report by analysis and display of different ingredients of PSG, starting with comparing the electroencephalogram (EEG) of controls and the enuretic children and then moving to evaluation of respiratory patterns of NE and comorbid disease obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In addition, the authors' goal is to better understand the mechanism of NE by integrating various levels of sleep monitoring; those sleep-related clinical scale scores for NE are presented to date. Finally, we propose further research of NE to explore the microstructure alterations via PSG combined with EEG–fMRI or to use novel technology like portable device internet and deep learning strategy.

Enuresis and Dysfunctional Voiding in Pediatric Asthma and/or Allergic Rhinitis Patients

“…It is a known fact that there is a connection between airway obstruction and enuresis. The association between nocturnal enuresis and upper airway obstruction due to allergic rhinitis or obstructive sleep apnea has already been documented (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). We designed our study to reveal the relationship between incontinence/enuresis and allergic diseases such as asthma and/or allergic rhinitis.…”

“…It has several effects on sleep and life quality, memory, academic performance and productivity. Obstructive sleep apnea and snoring are found to be associated with urinary incontinence (5). In a few studies, it has also been documented that allergic diseases are also related with urinary incontinence, and the relationship between nocturnal enuresis and asthma has also been documented (1,4,6).…”