Sleep loss and accidents—Work hours, life style, and sleep pathology

Åkerstedt, Torbjörn; Philip, Pierre; Capelli, Aurore; Kecklund, Göran

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53817-8.00011-6

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Background Sleep problems are a public health issue affecting about one third of the general population, of which about one in three reports serious sleep problems 1,2 . Impaired or shortened sleep is a risk factor for mortality and for a number of diseases 3 , as well as accidents 4 . These risks appear to be mediated by impaired biological restoration/recovery 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic brain connectivity after partial sleep deprivation in young and older adults: results from the Stockholm Sleepy Brain study

Nilsonne

Tamm

Schwarz

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Sleep deprivation has been reported to affect intrinsic brain connectivity, notably reducing connectivity in the default mode network. Studies to date have however shown inconsistent effects, in many cases lacked monitoring of wakefulness, and largely included young participants. We investigated effects of sleep deprivation on intrinsic brain connectivity in young and older participants. Participants aged 20-30 (final n = 30) and 65-75 (final n = 23) years underwent partial sleep deprivation (3 h sleep) in a cross-over design, with two 8-minutes eyes-open resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) runs in each session, monitored by eye-tracking. We assessed intrinsic brain connectivity using independent components analysis (ICA) as well as seed-region analyses of functional connectivity, and also analysed global signal variability, regional homogeneity, and the amplitude of lowfrequency fluctuations. Sleep deprivation caused increased global signal variability. Changes in investigated resting state networks and in regional homogeneity were not statistically significant. Younger participants had higher connectivity in most examined networks, as well as higher regional homogeneity in areas including anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. In conclusion, we found that sleep deprivation caused increased global signal variability, and we speculate that this may be caused by wake-state instability.Sleep problems are a public health issue affecting about one third of the general population, of which about one in three reports serious sleep problems 1, 2 . Impaired or shortened sleep is a risk factor for mortality and for a number of diseases 3 , as well as accidents 4 . These risks appear to be mediated by impaired biological restoration/recovery 3 . Effects of sleep loss include an increasing number of short lapses of attention (microsleeps) 5 , as well as increased levels of EEG alpha and theta activity; slow, rolling eye movements; and increased subjective sleepiness 6 .Sleepiness is not well defined in terms of functional brain activation. Early studies using total sleep deprivation have shown reduced glucose uptake in large areas of the brain, including prefrontal and parietal areas 7 . Intrinsic connectivity, referring to functional connectivity in the resting state, i.e. when participants are not presented with any changing stimuli, has been investigated in several earlier studies. We have identified 21 earlier reports, based on 14 unique datasets . An in-depth review of this earlier literature is beyond the scope of this paper, and for this reason we have recently made available online an overview of these reports 29 . A consistent and robust finding is that sleep deprivation caused reduced connectivity within the default mode network and reduced anticorrelation to the task-positive network 8,10,22 . Other findings include increased regional homogeneity (ReHo) in different brain areas following sleep deprivation 9, 18 , changes in connectivity between the thalamus 12 and amygdala 13,14 and cor...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic brain connectivity after partial sleep deprivation in young and older adults: results from the Stockholm Sleepy Brain study

Nilsonne

Tamm

Schwarz

et al. 2016

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Our society induces behavioural reduction of daily sleep duration and extensive periods of wakefulness or activities in the circadian deep (3–5 a.m.) which are causes of sleepiness-related accidents [1], especially traffic accidents. Owing to conflicts between physiological needs and social [2] or professional activities, countermeasures to fight this sleepiness need to be developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Car Nocturnal Blue Light Exposure Improves Motorway Driving: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2012

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Prolonged wakefulness greatly decreases nocturnal driving performance. The development of in-car countermeasures is a future challenge to prevent sleep-related accidents. The aim of this study is to determine whether continuous exposure to monochromatic light in the short wavelengths (blue light), placed on the dashboard, improves night-time driving performance. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, 48 healthy male participants (aged 20–50 years) drove 400 km (250 miles) on motorway during night-time. They randomly and consecutively received either continuous blue light exposure (GOLite, Philips, 468 nm) during driving or 2*200 mg of caffeine or placebo of caffeine before and during the break. Treatments were separated by at least 1 week. The outcomes were number of inappropriate line crossings (ILC) and mean standard deviation of the lateral position (SDLP). Eight participants (17%) complained about dazzle during blue light exposure and were removed from the analysis. Results from the 40 remaining participants (mean age ± SD: 32.9±11.1) showed that countermeasures reduced the number of inappropriate line crossings (ILC) (F(2,91.11) = 6.64; p<0.05). Indeed, ILC were lower with coffee (12.51 [95% CI, 5.86 to 19.66], p = 0.001) and blue light (14.58 [CI, 8.75 to 22.58], p = 0.003) than with placebo (26.42 [CI, 19.90 to 33.71]). Similar results were found for SDLP. Treatments did not modify the quality, quantity and timing of 3 subsequent nocturnal sleep episodes. Despite a lesser tolerance, a non-inferior efficacy of continuous nocturnal blue light exposure compared with caffeine suggests that this in-car countermeasure, used occasionally, could be used to fight nocturnal sleepiness at the wheel in blue light-tolerant drivers, whatever their age. More studies are needed to determine the reproducibility of data and to verify if it can be generalized to women.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01070004

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“…While reduced sleep and sleepiness in itself is an explanatory factor of accidents, the context of reduced sleep is also important since suboptimal work schedules and lifestyle, and sleep pathology are equally important factors [73]. A review of 20 studies of safety in shipping across fatigue, stress, health, situation awareness, teamwork, decision-making, communication, automation, and safety culture concluded that modifications of human factor issues should be a focus for interventions [74].…”

Section: Acute Responses Acute Safety Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seafarer fatigue: a review of risk factors, consequences for seafarers’ health and safety and options for mitigation

Jepsen

Zhao²,

Leeuwen³

2015

International Maritime Health

128

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Sleep loss and accidents—Work hours, life style, and sleep pathology

Cited by 46 publications

References 127 publications

Intrinsic brain connectivity after partial sleep deprivation in young and older adults: results from the Stockholm Sleepy Brain study

Intrinsic brain connectivity after partial sleep deprivation in young and older adults: results from the Stockholm Sleepy Brain study

In-Car Nocturnal Blue Light Exposure Improves Motorway Driving: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Seafarer fatigue: a review of risk factors, consequences for seafarers’ health and safety and options for mitigation

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