Sleep in Parkinson's disease: A comparison of actigraphy and subjective measures

Abstract

Sleep disturbances are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Actigraphy has emerged as an alternative to polysomnography to measure sleep, raising the question of its ability to capture sleep quality in PD patients. Our aim was to compare self-report data with actigraphic data and to examine associations with clinical variables. Thirty non-demented individuals with PD and 14 normal control participants (NC) were included. Sleep was measured using 24-hour wrist actigraphy over a seven-day period, during which time participants kept a sleep diary. Subjective sleep and arousal questionnaires included the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Patients with PD presented with more sleep problems than NC. In NC, none of the actigraphic sleep variables were related to any of the self-report measures of sleep. In PD, scores on subjective sleep measures correlated with actigraphy-derived estimates of sleep quality. Our results suggest that actigraphy is an appropriate method of measuring sleep quality in PD.

The Impact of Sleep Quality on Cognitive Functioning in Parkinson's Disease

“…Reliability and validity studies in healthy adults have demonstrated that actigraphy is highly correlated with polysomnography for differentiating sleep from wake states (Blood, Sack, Percy, & Pen, 1997; Jean-Louis et al, 1996). The validity of actigraphy in PD has been reported by showing correlations of actigraphy measures to those of patient self-report (Stavitsky, Saurman, McNamara, & Cronin-Golomb, 2010). …”

A systematic review of the literature on disorders of sleep and wakefulness in Parkinson's disease from 2005 to 2015

“…Supportive controlled studies show subjective sleepiness in 33.5-54% of PD patients, compared to 16-19% controls[40,151,284,291,296]. Similarly, a large study demonstrated EDS in 43% of PD patients compared to 10% of controls, with sleepiness being more common in PD patients with higher age, higher dopamine agonist dose, more severe disease, autonomic dysfunction, and psychiatric symptoms[123].…”

Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease

“…Actigraphy is another objective tool that has gained interest due to its simplicity of use and ability to monitor rest-activity cycles over prolonged period of time. (20). It is however unable to differentiate activity due to wakefulness versus to other PD sleep disturbances such as RBD or OSA (20).…”

“…(20). It is however unable to differentiate activity due to wakefulness versus to other PD sleep disturbances such as RBD or OSA (20). …”