Sleep in Mental Retardation

Petre-Quadens, O

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-176250-6.50023-9

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The decrease in deep sleep, percentage of REM sleep and REM time during REM sleep were observed in mental retardation with un known etiology, Down's syndrome and phenyl ketonuria (8). A similar tendency was also observed in infantile spasms; there was a de crease in the amount of REM activity which reflects the quality of REM sleep, and a period of muscle atonia which should occur only dur ing REM sleep was noticed longer in NREM sleep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Jouvet (5) reported that catecholamines and other cholinergic factors are involved in the appearance of REM sleep and the decreased catecholamine in the brain inhibited REM sleep in cat. Petre-Quadens (8) reported that the REM sleep time was shorter in cases who suffered from phenylketonuria in whom the disturbance of catecholamine metab olism is strongly suspected. It was of great interest that our patients showed reduced body movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polygraphic Study during Whole Night Sleep in Infantile Spasms

Fukuyama¹,

Shionaga²,

Iida³

1979

Eur Neurol

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The whole night EEG were polygraphically recorded and analyzed in 9 patients with infantile spasms prior to ACTH therapy. The subjects were divided into two groups, favorable and unfavorable, depending upon the response to the ACTH therapy. (1) Among the unfavorable group, the deep sleep stage was not observed; while the light sleep stage tended to dominate. (2) REM sleep period was noted less among the unfavorable than among the favorable group. REM density also tended to be lower among the unfavorable group. (3) Of the 4 unfavorable cases, 2 did not manifest REM sleep at all. Of the remaining 2, 1 had a remarkably long REM interval period. Even among the favorable cases, REM sleep tended to be short and appear frequently. (4) The period of muscle atonia during NREM sleep was markedly prolonged in all cases. (5) Body movements of both types (gross and twitch) were less frequent comparing to those of normal younger children, more remarkably in unfavorable cases. From the above findings, a disorder of the pontine reticular formation would be suggested in cases of infantile spasms. Reduction of body movements at each sleep stage might indicate abnormalities of monoamine metabolism in the brain stem of patients with this condition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polygraphic Study during Whole Night Sleep in Infantile Spasms

Fukuyama¹,

Shionaga²,

Iida³

1979

Eur Neurol

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“…Most sleep studies of handicapped groups are sleep laboratory studies. In such studies the timing of "lights off' and morning waking may be dictated by the experimenter and they do not reflect the normal, familiar sleep environment (e. g., Petre-Quadens, 1972;Fukuma et al, 1974;Gmbar, 1983). Thus comparison of diary studies with sleep laboratory studies may not be valid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sleep problems are also reported to occur within various handicapped and psychiatric groups. Sleep is known to be impaired in some intellectually handicapped infants and children, particularly those with more severe handicap (Petre-Quadens, 1972;Clements et al, 1986;Okawa & Sasaki, 1987;Piazza et al, 1990; for a review see Stores, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The sleep/wake rhythm in children with autism

Richdale

Prior

1995

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

252

189

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The sleep patterns of two groups of children with autism, one with moderate to severe intellectual handicap, and one with mild handicap to normal IQ level, were compared with those of children without autism. Parents completed 14 day sleep diaries and questionnaires. Results suggested that at some stage during childhood, particularly under 8 years of age, the majority of children with autism will experience sleep problems. These problems are likely to be severe in many cases and will generally include one or more of: extreme sleep latencies; lengthy periods of night waking, shortened night sleep; and early morning waking. Such problems may have some specificity for autism as they appear to be rare in non-handicapped children and in children with mild degrees of intellectual handicap. It is likely that sleep problems in early childhood are related to the severe social difficulties present in autism and the consequent inability of these children to use social cues to synchronize their sleep/wake cycle. Continued sleep difficulties at older ages and with higher IQ may also be related to arousal and anxiety factors.

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“…Furthermore, such studies have proven discriminating in other pediatric clinical populations where organicity has been suspected or demonstrated, e.g. autism (38), hyperactivity (39), minimal brain dysfunction (40) and mental retardation (41). In addition to providing new information regarding physiological variations during sleep, a study of normative sleep in RD children could address theoretical issues relevant to this disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Patterns in Reading Disabled Children

Mercier

Pivik

Busby

1993

Sleep

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Summary: Sleep patterns in reading disabled (n = 24) and normal control (n = 15) 8-10-year-old boys were compared to examine suggested relationships among sleep, maturational and cognitive processes. Sleep was recorded in the laboratory for four consecutive nights (two adaptation, two baseline) using standard polysomnography. Analyses revealed variations across nights for both groups reflecting adaptation to the sleep laboratory, but such effects were attenuated in reading disabled subjects. Group comparisons on baseline sleep measures (nights 3 and 4 collapsed) revealed that reading disabled children showed significantly more stage 4 sleep, less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, a longer REM onset latency and, related to this, an extended initial non-REM (NREM) cycle. Chronic sleep deprivation and maturational delay are prominent among factors that could result in such variations in sleep architecture, and these factors, alone or in combination, could impair information processing and contribute to cognitive deficits noted in reading disabled children. Key Words: Reading disabled children-Sleep-REM latencyAdaptation-Maturational delay.Developmental reading disabilities constitute possibly the most debilitating of learning disorders both in terms of prevalence (estimates of 5-15% of the school-age population) and negative personal, social and behavioral consequences (1,2). Despite the increased attention given this disorder over the past 30 years by both clinicians and researchers (3-6), there remain significant uncertainty, contradiction and controversy surrounding definition and diagnosis (4,7). Frequently suggested etiological factors include a maturational delay in the establishment ofleft hemispheric dominance for linguistic processing (8-11) or in the development of cerebral regions considered necessary for reading (2,12,13), possibly resulting in neurodevelopmental abnormalities such as disruptions of pathways associated with the functional system for reading (4,12) and reversed cerebral asymmetries (14,15 evoked potentials (18,19), dichotic listening (20-23) and visual half-field procedures (24-27), However, these approaches have yielded inconsistent results and offer limited evidence for neurologic deficits in this population (13). Nevertheless, recent reviews suggest an underlying central nervous system (eNS) dysfunction for this disorder (4,13,28). The most direct evidence for a neurological basis for reading disabilities has come from postmortem cytoarchitectonic (29-33) and imaging (34) studies of brains of dyslexic individuals, which have demonstrated cortical abnormalities and variations in structural symmetry. The anomalies observed, although present in a small number of often poorly documented clinical studies, are thought to be consistent with reading failure (2,13).Research into the behavioral and etiological features associated with these disorders has focused on variations during wakefulness where the negative effects impact most noticeably. However, studies of sleep could prove useful because...

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Sleep in Mental Retardation

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Polygraphic Study during Whole Night Sleep in Infantile Spasms

Polygraphic Study during Whole Night Sleep in Infantile Spasms

The sleep/wake rhythm in children with autism

Sleep Patterns in Reading Disabled Children

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