Sleep extension, enhanced alertness and the sedating effects of ethanol

Roehrs, Timothy; Zwyghuizen‐Doorenbos, Ardith; Timms, Victoria; Zorick, Frank; Roth, Thomas

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90319-5

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Therefore, it stands to reason that an exaggerated sleepiness in our subjects with moderate-severe insomnia may have increased mood and anxiety symptoms as well as increased psychosocial problems but deterred them from driving automobiles. The sleepiness may also have had a protective role against legal problems by markedly impairing neurobehavioral functioning as demonstrated in the healthy subjects previously (Roehrs, Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos, Timms, Zorick, & Roth, 1989; Yesavage & Leirer, 1986). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Insomnia in alcohol dependent subjects is associated with greater psychosocial problem severity

Chaudhary

Kampman

Kranzler

et al. 2015

Addictive Behaviors

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Introduction Although psychosocial problems are commonly associated with both alcohol misuse and insomnia, very little is known about the combined effects of insomnia and current alcohol dependence on the severity of psychosocial problems. The present study evaluates whether the co-occurrence of insomnia and alcohol dependence is associated with greater psychosocial problem severity. Methods Alcohol dependent individuals (N=123) were evaluated prior to participation in a placebo-controlled medication trial. The Short Index of Problems (SIP), Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Time Line Follow Back (TLFB), were used to assess psychosocial, employment, and legal problems; insomnia symptoms; and alcohol consumption, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the relations between insomnia and psychosocial problems. Results Subjects’ mean age was 44 years (SD=10.3), 83% were male, and their SIP sub-scale scores approximated the median for normative data. A quarter of subjects reported no insomnia; 29% reported mild insomnia; and 45% reported moderate-severe insomnia. The insomnia groups did not differ on alcohol consumption measures. The ISI total score was associated with the SIP total scale score (β=0.23, p=0.008). Subjects with moderate-severe insomnia had significantly higher scores on the SIP total score, and on the social and impulse control sub-scales, and more ASI employment problems and conflicts with their spouses than others on the ASI. Conclusion In treatment-seeking alcohol dependent subjects, insomnia may increase alcohol-related adverse psychosocial consequences. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the relations between insomnia and psychosocial problems in these subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Insomnia in alcohol dependent subjects is associated with greater psychosocial problem severity

Chaudhary

Kampman

Kranzler

et al. 2015

Addictive Behaviors

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“…On the other side, the accumulation of sleep (i.e., increased alertness) prior to administration of a sedative drug can blunt the sedative effects of that drug. This has been demonstrated in humans with ethanol (Roehrs et al 1989) and recently in animals with the benzodiazepine triazolam (Edgar et al 1991). In each study, sleep time was increased prior to the administration of the drug, and the sedative effects of the drug seen after normal amounts of sleep were not observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of Ethanol, Diphenhydramine, and Triazolam after a Nap

Roehrs

Claiborue

Knox

et al. 1993

Neuropsychopharmacol

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This study assessed the capacity of a 60-minute nap to reverse the sedating and performance-disruptive effects of et hanol, triazolam, and Diphenhydramine. Twelve healthy, young men received (at 0800 to 0830) .6 glkg et hanol and a placebo pill, .25 mg triazolam and ethanol placebo, 50 mg Diphenhydramine and ethanol placebo, and a placebo pill and ethanol placebo on each of 2 days in a Latin Square design. On one treatment day (at 0900 hour) subjects were allowed a 60-minute nap and on the other a sleep latency test (no nap

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“…The sedative effect of alcohol contributes to the level of diurnal somnolence and this effect appears in subjects who undergo total or partial sleep deprivation (17). In this respect, the combination of a work schedule that does not provide the hours needed for reparative rest with alcohol consumption may certainly increase the deleterious effects of the drug.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mitler et al (14) hypothesized that an extended situation of stress reduced alertness associated with attention, possibly leading to an increased incidence of accidents in the work place, since the fragmentation of the sleep architecture might result in an increase of sleepiness (15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep patterns and sleep-related complaints of Brazilian interstate bus drivers

Mello

Santana

Souza

et al. 2000

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Sleep-related complaints have become a highlight for physicians as well as public health administrators. Studies of sleep patterns and sleep-related complaints of shift workers have been useful in minimizing reduction in the quality of life due to the warping of the sleep-wake cycle. The objective of the present study was to assess patterns of sleep, sleep-related complaints as well as physical activity and scoring rates for depression and anxiety in interstate bus drivers. Data were obtained with a sleep questionnaire, with the Beck inventory for depression, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A total of 400 interstate bus drivers from the northern, southern, central-western and south-eastern regions of Brazil were interviewed. Sixty percent of the subjects interviewed presented at least one sleep-related complaint, 16% admitted to have dozed at the wheel while on duty, and 41% stated that they exercised on a regular basis. Other sleep disturbance complaints reported were: sleep latency 2917"; physical fatigue, 59.8%; mental fatigue, 45.4%; sleepiness, 25.8%; irritability, 20.6%; insomnia, 37.5%, respiratory disturbances, 19.25% and snoring, 20.75%. Scores for anxiety and depression were not in the pathological range. The present data reinforce the view that bus drivers are generally discontent with shift work and its effects on sleep. Consequently, it is very important to establish an appropriate work schedule for drivers, besides implementing photo-therapy and physical activities in order to minimize sleepiness when driving.

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Sleep extension, enhanced alertness and the sedating effects of ethanol

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Insomnia in alcohol dependent subjects is associated with greater psychosocial problem severity

Insomnia in alcohol dependent subjects is associated with greater psychosocial problem severity

Effects of Ethanol, Diphenhydramine, and Triazolam after a Nap

Sleep patterns and sleep-related complaints of Brazilian interstate bus drivers

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