Sleep duration and obesity in adulthood: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Bacaro, Valeria; Ballesio, Andrea; Cerolini, Silvia; Vacca, Mariacarolina; Poggiogalle, Eleonora; Donini, Lorenzo Maria; Lucidi, Fabio; Lombardo, Caterina

doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2020.03.004

Cited by 66 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Zachary et al found a similar association, showing a significant relationship between hours of sleep per night and reported weight gain [14]. In accordance with our findings, a meta-analysis of observational studies showed that short sleep duration was significantly associated with the risk of future obesity among adults (OR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.18-1.69) [50]. People who sleep fewer hours tend to eat more calories and macronutrients through late-night snacking [51,52], and tend to be less motivated to eat a healthy diet [53].…”

Section: Sleepsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Lifestyle changes associated with COVID-19 quarantine among young Saudi women: A prospective study

et al. 2021

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Background Negative lifestyle behaviors are associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study aimed to assess lifestyle changes affecting weight, sleep, mental health, physical activity, and dietary habits prospectively from before COVID-19 to during lockdown. Methods A total of 297 Saudi women, aged 19–30 years (mean age, 20.7 ± 1.4 years), were interviewed at two time points, before and during the quarantine. The data collected included anthropometrics, sociodemographic data, clinical history, food frequency questionnaire responses, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) responses, and Perceived Stress Scale measures. In addition, during quarantine, COVID-19 and nutrition-related information and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores were collected. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the indicators of weight gain and loss from before COVID-19 (baseline) until during lockdown. Results Although approximately half of the participants did not report a weight change, 30% revealed weight loss and 18%, weight gain. The variables associated with increased weight gain were self-quarantine since COVID-19 started (OR: 5.17, 95% CI: 1.57–17.01, p = 0.007), age (OR: 1.53, 1.03–2.28, p = 0.04), and stress at baseline and during lockdown (OR: 1.15, 1.03–1.29, p = 0.01; OR: 1.10, 1.01–1.19, p = 0.03, respectively). The variables associated with a reduced risk of weight gain were the GPAQ score during lockdown (OR: 0.16, 0.04–0.66, p = 0.01), coffee consumption (OR: 0.36, 0.19–0.67, p = 0.01), and total sleep time (OR: 0.70, 0.51–0.97, p = 0.03). Conclusion While most young Saudi women experienced no weight change during the COVID-19 lockdown, one-third lost weight and a significant proportion gained weight. Factors associated with weight, such as stress, sleep hours, physical activity, and coffee consumption, highlight the need to carefully consider those at risk during future circumstances that may require lockdowns. These factors could also aid in implementing policies for future lockdowns and support those most at risk of gaining weight.

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Section: Sleepsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Feeling stressed during the pandemic is expected, with women being more vulnerable than men . Stress can be associated with food cravings and increased eating, especially among young women [42], and elevated cortisol levels that stimulate appetite, and thus weight gain [50].…”

Section: Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle changes associated with COVID-19 quarantine among young Saudi women: A prospective study

et al. 2021

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“…Study shows that a short period of sleep restriction for three days can significantly increase sleepiness, fatigue, stress, and decreased functioning [18]. Several systematic reviews have reported the association between short sleep duration and the increased risk of hypertension [19,20], type 2 diabetes mellitus [21], obesity [22], metabolic syndrome [23], coronary heart disease [24], and stroke [25]. A systematic review in 2017 has shown that short sleep duration, defined as less than six hours of sleep per 24 hours, is associated with a significant mortality increase [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Objective To determine the effect of Ashwagandha extract on sleep. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Google Scholars, World Health Organization Trials Portal, ClinicalTrials.gov, Clinical Trial Registry of India, and AYUSH Research Portal for all appropriate trials. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of Ashwagandha extract versus placebo on sleep in human participants 18 years old and above were considered. Two authors independently read all trials and independently extracted all relevant data. The primary outcomes were sleep quantity and sleep quality. The secondary outcomes were mental alertness on rising, anxiety level, and quality of life. Results A total of five randomized controlled trials containing 400 participants were analyzed. Ashwagandha extract exhibited a small but significant effect on overall sleep (Standardized Mean Difference -0.59; 95% Confidence Interval -0.75 to -0.42; I2 = 62%). The effects on sleep were more prominent in the subgroup of adults diagnosed with insomnia, treatment dosage ≥600 mg/day, and treatment duration ≥8 weeks. Ashwagandha extract was also found to improve mental alertness on rising and anxiety level, but no significant effect on quality of life. No serious side effects were reported. Conclusion Ashwagandha extract appears to has a beneficial effect in improving sleep in adults. However, data on the serious adverse effects of Ashwagandha extract are limited, and more safety data would be needed to assess whether it would be safe for long-term use.

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“…Human genetic studies suggest that variants associated with mental health conditions, in particular depression, may predispose to obesity 137 . Mental illness can impact behaviour, nutrition, physical activity, food choices and sleep, which in turn can affect body weight 148–153 . Individuals with obesity have high rates of childhood sexual trauma and adverse childhood events predisposing individuals to affective dysregulation, poor coping strategies and emotional and binge‐eating disorder 154–157 .…”

Section: Obesity As a Multisystem Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity as a multisystem disease: Trends in obesity rates and obesity‐related complications

Sarma

Sockalingam

Dash

2021

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

149

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Obesity is a chronic multisystem disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The increasing prevalence of obesity makes it a major healthcare challenge across both developed and developing countries. Traditional measures such as body mass index do not always identify individuals at increased risk of comorbidities, yet continue to be used in deciding who qualifies for weight loss treatment. A better understanding of how obesity is associated with comorbidities, in particular non‐metabolic conditions, is needed to identify individuals at risk in order to prioritize treatment. For metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), weight loss can prevent T2D in individuals with prediabetes. It can improve and reverse T2D if weight loss is achieved early in the course of the disease. However, access to effective weight loss treatments is a significant barrier to improved health for people with obesity. In the present paper, we review the rising prevalence of obesity and why it should be classed as a multisystem disease. We will discuss potential mechanisms underlying its association with various comorbidities and how these respond to treatment, with a particular focus on cardiometabolic disease, malignancy and mental health.

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Sleep duration and obesity in adulthood: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 66 publications

References 62 publications

Lifestyle changes associated with COVID-19 quarantine among young Saudi women: A prospective study

Lifestyle changes associated with COVID-19 quarantine among young Saudi women: A prospective study

Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Obesity as a multisystem disease: Trends in obesity rates and obesity‐related complications

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