Sleep Disturbances in Various Nonaffective Psychiatric Disorders

Failure of Timed Bright Light Exposure to Alleviate Age‐Related Sleep Maintenance Insomnia

“…This was also supported in the current study; several potential subjects who did not meet the inclusion criterion of a Tmin earlier than 4:00 a.m. nonetheless reported chronic sleep maintenance problems. Other evidence of multiple etiologies in age‐related sleep maintenance insomnia include recent findings that homeostatic factors influence sleep quality as a function of aging 27 and studies that indicate that comorbid medical conditions contribute to sleep maintenance problems 4,28,29 . Circadian manipulations will have limited effectiveness if noncircadian factors (e.g., psychological distress, pain) are involved.…”

Absence of Nocturnal Fall in Blood Pressure in Elderly Persons with Alzheimer‐Type Dementia

“…An extra peak in BP (midnight to 4:00 am ) preceded by a decrease (10:00 pm to midnight) could be related to disturbance in the sleep pattern in subjects with dementia 12 . The nocturnal sleep fragmentation with “shallower” sleep in demented subjects 13 might induce behavioral change. However, the patients in the present study could not rove or change position by themselves even though they were awake at night, and we confirmed that they did not become agitated during monitoring at night.…”

“…Circadian rhythms of the renin‐angiotensin system, 8,9 catecholamines, 10 and Cortisol 9 might effect the rhythmic change in BP, but this has not been proven 11 . Elderly patients with dementia have an abnormal daily life cycle, often sleeping in the day and becoming agitated at night 12,13 . Our hypothesis was that the circadian rhythm of BP might be abnormal in patients with dementia; this phenomenon has not previously been studied.…”

Network Homeostasis and State Dynamics of Neocortical Sleep

“…Recent work has shown that REM can decrease firing rates in the hippocampus (Grosmark et al, 2012), which is of particular interest when combined with findings that REM and nonREM sleep may contribute to different types of memory (Grosmark and Buzsáki, 2016; Rasch and Born, 2013) and that alterations of REM sleep can affect cognitive and affective disorders (Gierz et al, 1987; Walker, 2010). Furthermore, there is evidence from humans that relative abundance of REM and nonREM plays a role in learning (Stickgold et al, 2000), but whether these substates of sleep play distinct roles in homeostasis is not known.…”