Sleep disturbances in ADHD: investigating the contribution of polygenic liability for ADHD and sleep-related phenotypes

Lewis, Katie; Martin, Joanna; Gregory, Alice M.; Anney, Richard; Thapar, Anita; Langley, Kate

doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01931-2

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Systematic reviews indicate that the prevalence of ADHD in children is around 5% (Sayal, Prasad, Daley, Ford, & Coghill, 2018 ) and is characterized by attention difficulties, impulsivity and/or hyperactivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ). The aetiology of ADHD is multifactorial and includes both genetic and environmental factors (Banerjee, Middleton, & Faraone, 2007 ; Faraone et al., 2005 ; Lewis et al., 2022 ). One manifestation of this aetiology is disturbed sleep, and there has been a dramatic increase in new research to better understand the association between sleep and ADHD (Weiss, Craig, Davies, Schibuk, & Stein, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of inflammation in the prospective associations between early childhood sleep problems and ADHD at 10 years: findings from a UK birth cohort study

Morales‐Muñoz

Upthegrove

Lawrence

et al. 2023

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: Several underlying mechanisms potentially account for the link between sleep and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including inflammation. However, studies so far have been cross sectional. We investigate (a) the association between early childhood sleep and probable ADHD diagnosis in childhood and (b) whether childhood circulating inflammatory markers mediate these prospective associations. Methods: Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were available for 7,658 10-year-old children. Parent-reported sleep duration, night awakening frequency and regular sleep routines were collected at 3.5 years. The Development and Wellbeing Assessment was administered to capture children with clinically relevant ADHD symptoms, or probable ADHD diagnosis. Blood samples were collected at 9 years, from which two inflammatory markers were obtained [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP)]. Logistic regression analyses were applied to investigate the associations between sleep variables at 3.5 years and probable ADHD diagnosis at 10 years. Further, path analysis was applied to examine the potential mediating role of inflammation at 9 years (as measured by CRP and IL-6) in the associations between early sleep and ADHD at 10 years. Results: Less regular sleep routines (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28-0.93, p = .029), shorter nighttime sleep (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.56-0.89, p = .004) and higher night awakening frequency (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.06-1.52, p = .009) at 3.5 years were associated with higher odds of ADHD at 10 years. Further, IL-6 at 9 years, but not CRP, mediated the association between irregular sleep routines and ADHD (bias-corrected estimate, À0.002; p = .005) and between night awakening and ADHD (bias-corrected estimate, 0.002; p = .003). Conclusions: Several sleep problems in early childhood constitute a risk factor for probable ADHD diagnosis at 10 years. Further, these associations are partially mediated by IL-6 at 9 years. These results open a new research vista to the pathophysiology of ADHD and highlight sleep and inflammation as potential preventative targets for ADHD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of inflammation in the prospective associations between early childhood sleep problems and ADHD at 10 years: findings from a UK birth cohort study

Morales‐Muñoz

Upthegrove

Lawrence

et al. 2023

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…Further, the relationship between polygenic risk for ADHD and ADHD symptoms in children may be moderated by children’s sleep duration [ 56 ]. However, a recent study reported that children with ADHD do not over-inherit polygenic liability for insomnia or later chronotype [ 13 ]; however, as such studies account only for the effects of common genetic variants, the transmitted effects of rare but highly penetrant variants must also be considered. Potential pathways that may link shared genetic liability between sleep problems and ADHD symptoms in both parents and children might include dopaminergic pathways in the pre-frontal cotex, neuroinflammation and iron homeostasis [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These overlapping facets may be the products of complex multifactorial and bidirectional relationships between sleep problems and ADHD symptoms [ 10 , 11 ]. Further, as ADHD is highly heritable [ 2 ], and polygenic risk for ADHD and sleep problems overlap [ 12 ], there is the possibility that parents and children share overlapping genetic liability for ADHD and sleep problems (but see Lewis et al [ 13 ] who do not report increased transmitted genetic liability for insomnia or chronotype).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between sleep problems in children with ADHD and parental insomnia and ADHD symptoms

Bondopandhyay,

McGrath,

Coogan

2024

PLoS ONE

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Sleep problems are common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children’s sleep problem may influence, and be influenced by, parents’ sleep problems as well as parents’ ADHD symptoms. In the current study we examined the associations of parent-rated sleep quality and sleep timing of pre-adolescent children with parental insomnia symptoms, parental ADHD symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about sleep in a convenience sample recruited by advertisement (N = 120). Childhood sleep problems were common in the sample, with 82% of children exceeding the threshold for the presence of a paediatric sleep disorder. Children’s sleep quality showed minimal association with their sleep timing and chronotype. Parental insomnia symptoms, ADHD symptoms and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep all associated with their children’s sleep quality, and with the sleep subdomains of sleep anxiety and parasomnias. In multiple regression analysis only parental insomnia score was a significant predictor of children’s sleep quality. Children’s bedtimes, wake times, sleep duration, chronotype or social jetlag did not associate with parents’ ADHD or insomnia symptoms. Sleep quality was significantly poorer in children whose parents scored as both consistent for adult ADHD and probable for insomnia disorder compared to parents who scored as either ADHD consistent or insomnia probable, or those who parents scored as neither. We discuss the putative nature of the relationships between sleep quality of children with ADHD and parental ADHD and insomnia symptoms, and suggest that clinicians consider parental sleep when attending to children with ADHD.

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“…However, a previous study based on the polygenic transmission disequilibrium test in two samples of complete trios of ADHD probands and both biological parents observed no evidence of differential transmission of polygenic liability for insomnia. 12 In both the analyzed samples of European origin-one used as discovery (328 trios from Wales) and another considered as replication (844 trios from the IMAGE study) -even though the insomnia polygenic score suggested a risk increase, it was not significantly associated with ADHD. Differences on PRS calculation and the sample's origin might explain the difference between our results and the previously published findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insomnia Polygenic Component on Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploring this Association Using Genomic Data from Brazilian Families

Carpena,

Fraga,

Martins-Silva

et al. 2024

Sleep Sci

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Introduction Insomnia is highly prevalent among individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the biological mechanisms shared between both conditions is still elusive. We aimed to investigate whether insomnia's genomic component is able to predict ADHD in childhood and adolescence. Methods A Brazilian sample of 259 ADHD probands and their biological parents were included in the study. Their genomic DNA genotypes were used to construct the polygenic risk score for insomnia (Insomnia PRS), using the largest GWAS summary statistics as a discovery sample. The association was tested using logistic regression, under a case-pseudocontrol design. Results Insomnia PRS was nominally associated with ADHD (OR = 1.228, p = 0.022), showing that the alleles that increase the risk for insomnia also increase the risk for ADHD. Discussion Our results suggest that genetic factors associated with insomnia may play a role in the ADHD genetic etiology, with both phenotypes likely to have a shared genetic mechanism.

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Sleep disturbances in ADHD: investigating the contribution of polygenic liability for ADHD and sleep-related phenotypes

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

The role of inflammation in the prospective associations between early childhood sleep problems and ADHD at 10 years: findings from a UK birth cohort study

The role of inflammation in the prospective associations between early childhood sleep problems and ADHD at 10 years: findings from a UK birth cohort study

Associations between sleep problems in children with ADHD and parental insomnia and ADHD symptoms

Insomnia Polygenic Component on Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploring this Association Using Genomic Data from Brazilian Families

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