Sleep Disturbance and Immunological Consequences of COVID-19

Bocek, Jonas; Praško, Ján; Genzor, Samuel; Hodny, Frantisek; Vaněk, Jakub; Pobeha, Pavol; Belohradova, Kamila; Ocisková, Marie

doi:10.2147/ppa.s398188

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…These changes can be directly linked to the neuroinflammation inflicted by the COVID-19 virus. Among the factors that influence this state of social isolation are the viral infection’s severity, patient immune system reactions, different treatments applied as corticosteroids, the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, and the stigma enforced socially [ 74 , 75 ]. Studies indicate that duration of hospital stay, mental health concerns that existed prior to the pandemic, lower absolute lymphocyte count, and a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio that is increased have been associated with a higher risk of dysfunctional sleep among COVID-19 patients [ 45 ].…”

Section: How Did Covid-19 Affect Sleep: Related Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances: A Literature Review of Clinical Evidence

et al. 2023

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The need for adequate good quality sleep to optimally function is well known. Over years, various physical, psychological, biological, and social factors have been investigated to understand their impact on sleep. However, understanding the etiological processes that are involved in causing sleep disturbances (SD) as impacted by stressful phases such as pandemics has not been well studied. Many such etiological and management strategies have surfaced during the latest “coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The occurrence of these SD in the infected and uninfected individuals poses a need to investigate factors linked to such occurrence during this phase. Some of such factors include stressful practices such as social distancing, masking, vaccines, and medications availability, changes in routines, and lifestyles. As the status of infection improved, a collective term for all the prolonged effects of COVID-19 after the resolution of the primary infection called the post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) surfaced. Apart from impacting sleep during the infectious phase, the aftereffects of this virus left an even greater impact during the PCS. Various mechanisms have been hypothesized to be linked to such SD during the PCS, but the available data are inconclusive. Further, the varied patterns of incidence of these SDs differed by many factors, such as age, gender, and geographical location, making clinical management even more challenging. This review elucidates the impact of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID) disease on sleep health during the various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also investigate different causal relationships, management strategies, and knowledge gaps related to SD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: How Did Covid-19 Affect Sleep: Related Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances: A Literature Review of Clinical Evidence

et al. 2023

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“…The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 6 million deaths worldwide since the outbreak in late 2019 (World Health Organization, 2023). Individuals grappling with the effects of the pandemic reported an increase in sedentary behavior due to lockdowns and restrictions, which resulted in reduced physical fitness levels, sleep disturbances, weakened immune function, and exacerbation of preexisting chronic conditions (Bocek et al, 2023). Additionally, health care systems were strained, resulting in delays in non-COVID medical treatments and surgeries, only worsening chronic conditions and leading to further health complications (Ferrara & Albano, 2020).…”

Section: Effects Of the Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arab American well-being and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Atari-Khan,

Rbeiz,

Gerstein

2024

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Objectives: Like other racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States, discrimination has contributed to health disparities for Arab Americans and placed them at increased risk for health concerns that have only persisted with the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the present study was to identify how the wellbeing of Arab Americans was impacted during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Method: Using a qualitative approach, we gathered responses from 604 Arab Americans to open-ended questions. Relying on coders and thematic analysis, common patterns were identified in the data. Results: Themes and subthemes that focused on the impact of COVID-19 were identified in the data set. The themes of negative outcomes included depression, interpersonal loss, and anxiety. The theme of positive outcomes included time with family, heightened reflection, and strengthened faith. The theme of challenging adjustments included disrupted routine and change in plans. Conclusions: As Arab Americans in this study reported numerous mental health outcomes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the conclusion that this group warrants attention in the health disparities discourse was further reinforced. The themes discovered in this study can be used to develop culturally relevant health interventions for Arab Americans as a means of beginning to make health care more accessible for this population. Public Significance StatementArab Americans are an underrepresented group in the public health discourse, and this ultimately serves as a mechanism to further reduce their access to culturally relevant health care. As a population that is vulnerable to numerous ongoing stressors, including racial-ethnic trauma and the COVID-19 pandemic, documenting their experiences is imperative in providing health care providers with relevant resources to improve their interventions. The present findings, driven by the voices of 604 Arab Americans, allow us to recognize how the pandemic has impacted the well-being of this population and help us identify sources of coping that can be used to manage ongoing adversity.

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“…In addition, lack of sleep affects the levels of immune molecules in the body, resulting in alterations in the contents of C3a, IgA, and other molecules [ 18 ]. There is growing evidence for the presence of a two-way relationship between sleep deprivation and the immune system: activation of the immune system can affect sleep, and sleep can also have an impact on the immune system [ 19 – 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of modified Qiyuan paste on mice with low immunity and sleep deprivation by regulating GABA nerve and immune system

Rong,

Jia,

Lin

et al. 2024

Chin Med

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Background Low immunity and sleep disorders are prevalent suboptimal health conditions in contemporary populations, which render them susceptible to the infiltration of pathogenic factors. LJC, which has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing the Yin and blood and calming the mind, is obtained by modifying Qiyuan paste. Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo has been shown to improve the immune function in sleep-deprived mice. In this study, based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory, LJC was prepared by adding D. officinale Kimura et Migo to Qiyuan paste decoction. Methods Indicators of Yin deficiency syndrome, such as back temperature and grip strength, were measured in each group of mice; furthermore, behavioral tests and pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep tests were performed. An automatic biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and other methods were used to determine routine blood parameters, serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM), cont (C3, C4), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the spleen, serum hemolysin, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) levels. In addition, serum levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hematoxylin–eosin staining and Nissl staining were used to assess the histological alterations in the hypothalamus tissue. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of the GABA pathway proteins GABRA1, GAD, GAT1, and GABAT1 and those of CD4+ and CD8+ proteins in the thymus and spleen tissues. Results The findings indicated that LJC prolonged the sleep duration, improved the pathological changes in the hippocampus, effectively upregulated the GABA content in the serum of mice, downregulated the Glu content and Glu/GABA ratio, enhanced the expressions of GABRA1, GAT1, and GAD, and decreased the expression of GABAT1 to assuage sleep disorders. Importantly, LJC alleviated the damage to the thymus and spleen tissues in the model mice and enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH in the spleen of the immunocompromised mice. Moreover, serum hemolysin levels and serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels increased after LJC administration, which manifested as increased CD4+ content, decreased CD8+ content, and enhanced DTH response. In addition, LJC significantly increased the levels of complement C3 and C4, increased the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes, and decreased the percentage of neutrophils in the blood. Conclusions LJC can lead to improvements in immunocompromised mice models with insufficient sleep. The underlying mechanism may involve regulation of the GABA/Glu content and the expression levels of GABA metabolism pathway-related proteins in the brain of mice, enhancing their specific and nonspecific immune functions. Graphical Abstract

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Sleep Disturbance and Immunological Consequences of COVID-19

Cited by 6 publications

References 98 publications

COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances: A Literature Review of Clinical Evidence

COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances: A Literature Review of Clinical Evidence

Arab American well-being and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The effect of modified Qiyuan paste on mice with low immunity and sleep deprivation by regulating GABA nerve and immune system

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