Sleep Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) are common. They can develop due to many factors. PD symptoms like rigidity or tremor, some PD medications, restless legs syndrome, depression, nocturia, and degenerative changes in the brainstem can cause sleep disorders in PD. Sleep disorders in PD may occur during the day or at night. Sleep disorders can occur before or during the disease. Sleep disorders can impair patients' quality of life and worsen their symptoms. For this reason, it is very important to recognize these disorders and treat them appropriately. This chapter discusses the clinical features, diagnosis, comorbidities, management, and pathogenesis of sleep disorders in PD under the literature light. At the same time, it describes the most appropriate treatment considerations.

Deep-learning detection of mild cognitive impairment from sleep electroencephalography for patients with Parkinson’s disease

“…There have been several studies that have shown that subjects with PD exhibit unique EEG biomarkers including decreased β and γ (> 35 Hz) powers [6,7], slowing of resting-state oscillatory brain activity [8,9] and significant changes in phase-amplitude coupling when compared to healthy controls (HC) [10,11]. Patients with PD frequently experience sleep disorders, including insomnia, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), and excessive daytime sleepiness [12,13]. In addition, PD is characterized by alterations in sleep architecture, including reductions in REM sleep which plays a vital role in consolidating procedural memory and motor skills [14].…”

“…In addition, PD is characterized by alterations in sleep architecture, including reductions in REM sleep which plays a vital role in consolidating procedural memory and motor skills [14]. Recent studies have shown that both REM and non-REM (NREM) sleep exhibit unique features in PD and PD with dementia as compared to healthy controls (HC), including lower stability, higher slowing ratio, an increase in spectral power in the δ (1-4 Hz) and θ (4-8 Hz) bands during REM, as well as lower baseline power in σ waves (12)(13)(14)(15) within the parietal regions during the NREM sleep stages [15][16][17][18][19]. Since patients with PD have both cognitive and motor dysfunction, alterations in sleep stages have potential clinical implications.…”

Multi-parameter Behavioral Phenotyping of the MPP+ Model of Parkinson’s Disease in Zebrafish

“…Gait disturbance, in particular, is one of the most commonly reported symptoms which manifests as impaired gait speed, increased movement variability, movement asymmetry, and reduced step length (Mirelman et al, 2019). Moreover, PD is associated with non-motor symptoms such as autonomic dysfunction, psychiatric disorders, and sleep disorders (Aygun, 2018). Autonomic dysfunction is commonly observed as cardiovascular symptoms such as hypertension or hypotension, or as gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation, urinary complications, and sexual dysfunction (Asahina et al, 2013).…”