Sleep Disorders in Mitochondrial Diseases

Abstract

Purpose of Review We aim to summarize the sleep disorders reported in patients affected by primary mitochondrial dysfunctions and describe the association with their clinical and molecular characteristics. Recent Findings Sleep complaints are prevalent in mitochondrial disorders. Sleep-disordered breathing is the main sleep disorder reported in mitochondrial diseases. OSA and CSA are, respectively, more frequently associated with patients characterized by the prevalent involvement of the skeletal muscle and the predominant involvement of the central nervous system. Other sleep disorders, such as restless legs syndrome, have been rarely described. Summary Sleep disorders are frequently associated with primary mitochondrial disorders, and the clinical phenotypes affect the type of sleep disturbance associated with the mitochondrial dysfunction. A polysomnographic study should be performed in every subject with this neurogenetic disorder both at diagnosis and during follow-up for the numerous adverse clinical outcomes associated with sleep disorders and the frailty of mitochondrial patients.

The Toxicity of Wiped Dust and Airborne Microbes in Individual Classrooms Increase the Risk of Teachers’ Work-Related Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The majority of the 18 boar sperm toxicity-related symptoms may be due to one or more of these three mechanisms (1) mitochondrial dysfunction / oxidative stress, (2) immunological inflammation, and (3) chemosensory C-fibers. Five symptoms (headache, throat mucus and itching, shortness of breath, and cough) may be activated via all three mechanisms [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111], six symptoms (stuffy and runny nose, hoarseness, sore throat, globus sensation, watery eyes) via immunological inflammation and C-fibers [99,106,[112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119], and one symptom (difficulty falling asleep) via mitochondrial dysfunction and immunological inflammation [120][121][122]. Eye discharge and increased need for sleep can be triggered due to immunological inflammation [119][120][121], and nasal stinging via C-fibers [88].…”

Thalamic neurometabolite alterations in chronic low back pain: a common phenomenon across musculoskeletal pain conditions?

“…18 However, we can theorize a relationship considering that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in sleep disorders. 8 Sleep deprivation is shown to increase the cellular oxidative stress by impairing enzymatic antioxidant defenses, which in turn could cause mitochondrial dysfunction. 32,66 Because, as previously mentioned, NAA is produced in mitochondria, our finding of an association between thalamic NAA level and sleep scores may thus provide further support for a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cLBP pathophysiology.…”

Variation in mitochondrial DNA affects locomotor activity and sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

“…In Drosophila , sleep deprivation has been shown to be connected to mitochondrial bioenergetics and causes mitochondrial dysfunction (Rodrigues et al 2018 ). However, investigation of sleep as a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction appears to be an understudied aspect of mitochondrial disease (Brunetti et al 2021 ). It is also unclear how naturally occurring mtDNA variation may affect sleep.…”