Sleep disorders during childhood: a practical review

Ophoff, D.; Slaats, M.; Boudewyns, An; Glazemakers, Inge; Hoorenbeeck, Kim Van; Verhulst, Stijn

doi:10.1007/s00431-018-3116-z

Cited by 82 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In a systematic review, longer sleep duration has been found to be related with better emotional regulation and quality of life in 5-17-year-old children [26]. The overall sleep duration for the children in the present study was 9-11 hours per night, which is in line with general sleep duration recommendations [2,27], but contrasts with other studies describing less sleep duration in the latest decennium [7,28]. Longer sleep duration was seen in younger children compared to older.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Sleep and Its Importance for Health-Related Quality of Life in 3–10-year-old Children

Angelhoff

Sundell²

2020

Preprint

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Purpose Considering the reports of increasing sleep problems in children, affecting health and well-being in young children and their families, we found it important to gain more knowledge about sleep and its correlation to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young, healthy children. The aim with this study was to describe sleep quality, sleep duration, and HRQoL in healthy 3–10-year-old children and to test associations between children’s sleep and HRQoL. Methods Parents of 160 children (average age: 6.9 years, SD ±2.2) participated in the study. Sleep onset problems (SOP), sleep maintenance problems (SMP), and sleep duration were measured by the Pediatric Insomnia Severity Index (PISI). KIDSCREEN-27 was used to measure HRQoL in five dimensions: physical well-being, psychological well-being, autonomy and parent relation, social support and peers, and school environment. Results The average score was 2.2 for SOP (SD +/-2.2) and 1.3 for SMP (SD +/-1.6). Almost all children (98%) slept between 8 and 13 hours per night. Younger children had statistically significantly more sleep problems than older children. Correlations were found between SOP and poor psychological well-being ( p < 0.05, ρ = - 0.16), and between SMP and poor psychological well-being ( p < 0.05, ρ = - 0.21), poor school environment ( p < 0.01, ρ = - 0.29), and poor social support and peers ( p < 0.05, ρ = - 0.19). Conclusion Children’s sleep associates with psychosocial well-being, school functioning and relations to peers, and need to be acknowledged in child health care settings and schools.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Sleep and Its Importance for Health-Related Quality of Life in 3–10-year-old Children

Angelhoff

Sundell²

2020

Preprint

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“…Descriptive statistics (mean ± SD or median (min-max)) were used to report on sociodemographic characteristics of the study population and outcomes (sleep, sleep-wake rhythm variables, and aMT6s levels). These outcomes were also described separately for the three age groupspreschoolers aged 2-5 years, schooled children aged 6-12 years and teenagers aged 13-18 years-, since sleep and sleepwake patterns change during normal childhood development (Marco et al 2012;Ophoff et al 2018). Differences between age groups were assessed with ANOVA (including a post-hoc test) or Kruskal-Wallis, depending on the distribution of the data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actigraphic estimates of sleep and the sleep-wake rhythm, and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels in healthy Dutch children

Rensen

Steur

Wijnen

et al. 2020

Chronobiology International

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Sleep and the sleep-wake rhythm are essential for children's health and well-being, yet reference values are lacking. This study therefore aimed to assess actigraphic estimates of sleep and the 24h sleep-wake rhythm, as well as 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) levels in healthy children of different age groups. Additionally, relationships between the outcomes and sex, highest parental educational level (as an indication of socioeconomic status (SES)), and body-mass-index (BMI) were explored. In this cross-sectional study, healthy Dutch children (2-18 years) wore an actigraph (GT3x) for 7 consecutive days, collected first-morning void urine and completed a sleep log and sociodemographic questionnaire. Actigraphically estimated sleep variables were sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Nonparametric sleep-wake rhythm variables were intradaily variability (IV); interdaily stability (IS); the activity counts and timing of the least active 5-h period (L5counts and midpoint) and of the most active 10-h period (M10 counts and midpoint); and the relative amplitude (RA), i.e. the ratio of the difference and the sum of M10 and L5 counts. Finally, creatinine-corrected aMT6s levels were obtained by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Effects of age group (preschool 2-5 years/schoolaged 6-12 years/teenager 13-18 years), sex, highest parental educational level and BMI (Z-scores) were explored. Ninety-four children participated, equally divided across age groups (53% boys). Teenagers slept less, but more efficiently, than younger children, while their 24 h sleep-wake rhythm was the least stable and most fragmented (likely due to fragmentation of daytime activity). Additionally, aMT6s levels significantly declined over the age groups. Children from highly educated parents had lower sleep efficiency, but a more stable sleep-wake rhythm. Finally, sex or increase in BMI was not associated with any of the outcomes in this study. In conclusion, this study provides reference values of healthy children across different age groups and different sociodemographic factors. In the future, this information may help to better interpret outcomes in clinical populations. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…As previously mentioned, most of the studies investigating the children’s oneiric activity focused on the presence of nightmares, which are defined as disturbing dreams with negative emotions, such as fear and vivid and realistic images [81,82,83,84].…”

Section: Dreaming Across the Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Sleep Activity and Disturbing Dreams in the Lifespan

Scarpelli

Bartolacci

D’Atri

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Sleep significantly changes across the lifespan, and several studies underline its crucial role in cognitive functioning. Similarly, mental activity during sleep tends to covary with age. This review aims to analyze the characteristics of dreaming and disturbing dreams at different age brackets. On the one hand, dreams may be considered an expression of brain maturation and cognitive development, showing relations with memory and visuo-spatial abilities. Some investigations reveal that specific electrophysiological patterns, such as frontal theta oscillations, underlie dreams during sleep, as well as episodic memories in the waking state, both in young and older adults. On the other hand, considering the role of dreaming in emotional processing and regulation, the available literature suggests that mental sleep activity could have a beneficial role when stressful events occur at different age ranges. We highlight that nightmares and bad dreams might represent an attempt to cope the adverse events, and the degrees of cognitive-brain maturation could impact on these mechanisms across the lifespan. Future investigations are necessary to clarify these relations. Clinical protocols could be designed to improve cognitive functioning and emotional regulation by modifying the dream contents or the ability to recall/non-recall them.

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Sleep disorders during childhood: a practical review

Cited by 82 publications

References 34 publications

Sleep and Its Importance for Health-Related Quality of Life in 3–10-year-old Children

Sleep and Its Importance for Health-Related Quality of Life in 3–10-year-old Children

Actigraphic estimates of sleep and the sleep-wake rhythm, and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels in healthy Dutch children

Mental Sleep Activity and Disturbing Dreams in the Lifespan

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