Sleep-Disordered Breathing Profiles in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: Kurume SDB-CVD Study

Abstract

BackgroundWhile evidence links sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) to various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), comprehensive insights and detailed profiles of CVD patients with SDB remain scarce. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of CVD patients complicated by SDB.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled all consecutive patients who underwent screening tests for SDB during hospitalization at Kurume University Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. To explore the relationship between SDB severity and clinical data, we classified SDB severity into four groups and assessed its prevalence and severity across different CVDs, categorized by sex and age.ResultsA total of 5,765 patients were enrolled. Desaturation during sleep in SDB was significantly worse in terms of age, sex, daytime resting oxygen saturation (SpO2), systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse pressure, body mass index (BMI), white blood cell count, hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine, N-terminal Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiothoracic ratio on chest X-ray, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on echocardiography (all p-values < 0.001, except for SBP p=0.002, and NT-proBNP p=0.004). Daytime SpO2and BMI strongly correlated across ages. Differences in renal function, diabetes control, and LVEF were notable between sex and ages. Analysis also showed the more prevalence and severity of SDB in coronary artery disease and heart failure, versus lower in pulmonary hypertension. Heatmaps of daytime SpO2 and BMI can effectively predict the severe SDB in patients with CVDs, suggesting the potential for efficient therapeutic interventions for SDB.ConclusionCoronary artery disease and heart failure were associated with a higher prevalence and a greater risk of moderate to severe SDB, typically in older patients. Notably, low SpO2during daytime and elevated BMI were indicative of SDB across all age categories for both sexes.