“…Noland et al, found that 42% of 9-12 th Grade students report that stress is an impediment to good sleep, in 384 students surveyed (Noland, Price, Dake, & Telljohann, 2009). Self-perceived stress has been shown to result in poorer sleep in female university students from the United States (Lee, Wuertz, Rogers, & Chen, 2013;Wallace, Boynton, & Lytle, 2017), medical students from Saudi Arabia (Almojali, Almalki, Alothman, Masuadi, & Alaqeel, 2017), university students from Portugal (Amaral et al, 2017) and Pakistani medical school students (Waqas, Khan, Sharif, Khalid, & Ali, 2015), demonstrating the cross cultural impacts of stress on sleep quality and quantity tertiary education students. In a study from the United States, over 90% of 9-12 th Grade students reported that they have an inadequate number of hours of sleep on most school nights.…”