Sleep Differentially Affects Early and Late Neuronal Responses to Sounds in Auditory and Perirhinal Cortices

Sela, Yaniv; Krom, Aaron J; Bergman, Lottem; Regev, Noa; Nir, Yuval

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1186-19.2020

Cited by 22 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, findings from the domain of sleep appear to lead to a similar conclusion. Thus, during sleep, and despite experiential disconnection from the external environment, early auditory cortex appears to be responsive to external auditory stimuli ( Sela et al. 2020 ; Wilf et al.…”

Section: Three Criteria For Identifying Candidates For Conscious Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local neuronal relational structures underlying the contents of human conscious experience

Malach

2021

Neuroscience of Consciousness

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While most theories of consciousness posit some kind of dependence on global network activities, I consider here an alternative, localist perspective—in which localized cortical regions each underlie the emergence of a unique category of conscious experience. Under this perspective, the large-scale activation often found in the cortex is a consequence of the complexity of typical conscious experiences rather than an obligatory condition for the emergence of conscious awareness—which can flexibly shift, depending on the richness of its contents, from local to more global activation patterns. This perspective fits a massive body of human imaging, recordings, lesions and stimulation data but opens a fundamental problem: how can the information, defining each content, be derived locally in each cortical region. Here, I will discuss a solution echoing pioneering structuralist ideas in which the content of a conscious experience is defined by its relationship to all other contents within an experiential category. In neuronal terms, this relationship structure between contents is embodied by the local geometry of similarity distances between cortical activation patterns generated during each conscious experience, likely mediated via networks of local neuronal connections. Thus, in order for any conscious experience to appear in an individual’s mind, two central conditions must be met. First, a specific configural pattern (“bar-code”) of neuronal activity must appear within a local relational geometry, i.e. a cortical area. Second, the individual neurons underlying the activated pattern must be bound into a unified functional ensemble through a burst of recurrent neuronal firing: local “ignitions”.

show abstract

Section: Three Criteria For Identifying Candidates For Conscious Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local neuronal relational structures underlying the contents of human conscious experience

Malach

2021

Neuroscience of Consciousness

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Electrophysiologically, the deep phases of sleep (NREM sleep) are distinguished from wakefulness based on the electrical activity emerging from neuronal populations. For instance, extracellular cortical recordings obtained during wakefulness show low-amplitude-high-frequency voltage fluctuations whereas during NREM sleep, and also during deep anesthesia [2][3][4], these fluctuations exhibit high-amplitude-low-frequency components and are bimodal [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The bimodality appears due to the alternation between periods of persistent firing activity (Up states) and silent periods (Down states), which provides the idiosyncratic dynamical features of NREM sleep, also known as slow wave activity (SWA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bimodality appears due to the alternation between periods of persistent firing activity (Up states) and silent periods (Down states), which provides the idiosyncratic dynamical features of NREM sleep, also known as slow wave activity (SWA). This leads to a reduction of the overall firing rate of both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal cell types in the time course of NREM sleep [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling of Information Propagation during the Sleep–Waking Cycle

Razi

Moreno-Bote

Sancristóbal

2021

Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-threatening familiar sounds can go unnoticed during sleep despite the fact that they enter our brain by exciting the auditory nerves. Extracellular cortical recordings in the primary auditory cortex of rodents show that an increase in firing rate in response to pure tones during deep phases of sleep is comparable to those evoked during wakefulness. This result challenges the hypothesis that during sleep cortical responses are weakened through thalamic gating. An alternative explanation comes from the observation that the spatiotemporal spread of the evoked activity by transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans is reduced during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as compared to the wider propagation to other cortical regions during wakefulness. Thus, cortical responses during NREM sleep remain local and the stimulus only reaches nearby neuronal populations. We aim at understanding how this behavior emerges in the brain as it spontaneously shifts between NREM sleep and wakefulness. To do so, we have used a computational neural-mass model to reproduce the dynamics of the sensory auditory cortex and corresponding local field potentials in these two brain states. Following the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, an increase in a single parameter, namely the excitatory conductance g¯AMPA, allows us to place the model from NREM sleep into wakefulness. In agreement with the experimental results, the endogenous dynamics during NREM sleep produces a comparable, even higher, response to excitatory inputs to the ones during wakefulness. We have extended the model to two bidirectionally connected cortical columns and have quantified the propagation of an excitatory input as a function of their coupling. We have found that the general increase in all conductances of the cortical excitatory synapses that drive the system from NREM sleep to wakefulness does not boost the effective connectivity between cortical columns. Instead, it is the inter-/intra-conductance ratio of cortical excitatory synapses that should raise to facilitate information propagation across the brain.

show abstract

“…For future studies, further physiological parameters like pupil size, whisker movements, heart rate or respiratory rate would offer useful measures in assessing the role of the observed EEG pattern changes in global arousal. Moreover, it might be interesting to further characterize NREM sleep in mice to identify similar sub-stages as are well known for humans 34 or beginning to be recognised in rats 35 . That the effect of the conditioned sound on NREM EEG patterns is strong and reliable suggests, however, that the effect is not sensitive to subtle differences within NREM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sound disrupts sleep-associated brain oscillations in rodents according to its meaning

Milinski

Kruschke

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sleep is essential but poses a risk to the animal. Filtering acoustic information according to its relevance, a process generally known as sensory gating, is crucial during sleep to ensure a balance between rest and danger detection. The mechanisms of this sensory gating and its specificity are not understood. Here, we tested the effect that sounds of different meaning had on sleep-associated ongoing oscillations. We recorded EEG and EMG from mice during rapid-eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep while presenting sounds with or without behavioural relevance. We found that sound presentation per se, in the form of an unfamiliar neutral sound, elicited a weak or no change in the sleep-dependent EEG power during NREM and REM sleep. In contrast, the presentation of a sound previously conditioned in an aversive task, elicited a clear and fast decrease in the sleep-dependent EEG power during both sleep phases, suggesting a transition to lighter sleep without awakening. The observed changes generally weakened over training days and were not present in animals that failed to learn. Interestingly, the effect could be generalized to unfamiliar neutral sounds if presented following conditioned training, an effect that depended on sleep phase and sound type. The data demonstrate that sounds are differentially gated during sleep depending on their meaning and that this process is reflected in disruption of sleep-associated brain oscillations without an effect on behavioural arousal.

show abstract

Sleep Differentially Affects Early and Late Neuronal Responses to Sounds in Auditory and Perirhinal Cortices

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Local neuronal relational structures underlying the contents of human conscious experience

Local neuronal relational structures underlying the contents of human conscious experience

Computational Modeling of Information Propagation during the Sleep–Waking Cycle

Sound disrupts sleep-associated brain oscillations in rodents according to its meaning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About