Sleep before and after learning promotes the consolidation of both neutral and emotional information regardless of REM presence

Cellini, Nicola; Torre, Jacopo; Stegagno, Luciano; Sarlo, Michela

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.06.015

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Regarding the contributions of specific sleep stages to contextual memory consolidation, we found that greater proportions of NREM (and correspondingly, lower proportions of REM) sleep are associated with improved retention. While these observations contrast with some evidence of REM sleep being primarily related to emotional memory processing 16,17 , they add to an accumulating body of findings emphasizing the importance of NREM and its electrophysiological markers in the consolidation of both neutral and emotional memories 20,26,28,33 . Indeed, the NREMmemory association was only observed when we pooled across emotional categories, not when we considered negative and neutral items separately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Sleep-dependent memory consolidation effects are generally more reliable for associative and contextual memories compared to individual item recognition (e.g., 11,12 ), consistent with stronger initial hippocampal involvement for memories with an associative component 13 . Some evidence suggests that sleep and emotion interact, with enhanced retention of negative relative to neutral material following sleep [14][15][16][17] , although other studies have failed to find such an effect [18][19][20][21][22] . Furthermore, while several examinations into the contributions of specific sleep stages to emotional memory consolidation have emphasized the importance of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep 17,[23][24][25] , others point to a role for non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep [26][27][28] , or find no clear stage dependence 20,[29][30][31] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep selectively stabilizes contextual aspects of negative memories

Cox

Bronkhorst²,

Bayda³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Sleep and emotion are both powerful modulators of the long-term stability of episodic memories, but precisely how these factors interact remains unresolved. We assessed changes in item recognition, contextual memory, and affective tone for negative and neutral memories across a 12 h interval containing sleep or wakefulness in 71 human volunteers. Our data indicate a sleep-dependent stabilization of negative contextual memories, in a way not seen for neutral memories, item recognition, or across wakefulness. Furthermore, retention of contextual memories was positively associated with time spent in non-rapid eye movement sleep. Finally, our results offer partial support for the hypothesis that sleep attenuates emotional responses to previously memorized material.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep selectively stabilizes contextual aspects of negative memories

Cox

Bronkhorst²,

Bayda³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Despite these converging findings, several studies failed to establish associations between REMS physiology and emotional memory performance [33][34][35][36], leaving ambiguities regarding the role of REMS in emotional memory consolidation. Critically, a considerable number of studies did not even replicate selective retention benefits of emotional memories across sleep [37][38][39].…”

Section: Sleep and Emotional Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep’s impact on emotional memory: A meta-analysis of whole-night, nap, and REM sleep effects

Schäfer

Wirth

Staginnus

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Numerous studies have shown that sleep enhances the consolidation of episodic memory.However, it remains unclear whether this consolidation benefit is moderated by the emotional valence of the learned material. To clarify whether sleep selectively enhances the consolidation of emotional material, we conducted a meta-analysis including N = 1,059 observations. Overall, our results do not support this hypothesis. When only studies with a sleep-group wake-group comparison were included in the analysis (k = 22), the retention advantage for emotional over neutral material was not significantly different between sleep and wake groups. When studies initially lacking a wake-control group were included in the analysis after statistical estimation of wake-group parameters, the retention advantage for emotional material was significantly larger in wake-groups than in sleep-groups (k = 34). Interestingly, however, an additional analysis of k = 8 studies investigating the selective effects of rapid-eye-movement sleep and slow-wave sleep on emotional memory consolidation provided evidence for a selective enhancement of emotional over neutral memory consolidation after rapid-eye-movement sleep compared to slow-wave sleep. These results suggest that sleep does not generally enhance emotional memory consolidation over neutral memory consolidation. However, specific sleep stages might preferentially enhance consolidation of emotional and neutral material, respectively. SWS SLEEP AND EMOTIONAL MEMORY 3 Abbreviations CI = confidence interval CD = Cook's distances COVRATIO = covariance ratios NREMS = non-rapid-eye-movement sleep PSG = polysomnography REM = rapid-eye-movement sleep SDRs = studentized SDRs = studentized deleted residuals SMC = standardized mean change SMD = standardized mean difference SWS = slow-wave sleep SLEEP AND EMOTIONAL MEMORY 4

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“…Emotional memories, as defined by Kensinger and Murray, are “memory of experiences that evoked an emotional reaction.” Several studies suggest that sleep may facilitate the consolidation of the content as well as modulate the emotional component of these memories . Based on these findings, a few studies have investigated the effect of TMR on emotional memory.…”

Section: Tmr and Emotional Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping memory consolidation via targeted memory reactivation during sleep

Cellini

Capuozzo

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Recent studies have shown that the reactivation of specific memories during sleep can be modulated using external stimulation. Specifically, it has been reported that matching a sensory stimulus (e.g., odor or sound cue) with target information (e.g., pairs of words, pictures, and motor sequences) during wakefulness, and then presenting the cue alone during sleep, facilitates memory of the target information. Thus, presenting learned cues while asleep may reactivate related declarative, procedural, and emotional material, and facilitate the neurophysiological processes underpinning memory consolidation in humans. This paradigm, which has been named targeted memory reactivation, has been successfully used to improve visuospatial and verbal memories, strengthen motor skills, modify implicit social biases, and enhance fear extinction. However, these studies also show that results depend on the type of memory investigated, the task employed, the sensory cue used, and the specific sleep stage of stimulation. Here, we present a review of how memory consolidation may be shaped using noninvasive sensory stimulation during sleep.

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Sleep before and after learning promotes the consolidation of both neutral and emotional information regardless of REM presence

Cited by 66 publications

References 54 publications

Sleep selectively stabilizes contextual aspects of negative memories

Sleep selectively stabilizes contextual aspects of negative memories

Sleep’s impact on emotional memory: A meta-analysis of whole-night, nap, and REM sleep effects

Shaping memory consolidation via targeted memory reactivation during sleep

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