Sleep apnea and pregnancy. An association worthy of study

Campo, Félix del; Zamarrón, Carlos

doi:10.1007/s11325-012-0754-7

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…For example, sleep disturbances are common in pregnancy, 153–155 especially the first and third trimesters. These sleep disturbances can include insomnia, short sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, and gestational sleep apnea.…”

Section: Gender and Age Impacts Sleep In The Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep, Health, and Society

Grandner

2017

Sleep Medicine Clinics

473

267

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Section: Gender and Age Impacts Sleep In The Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep, Health, and Society

Grandner

2017

Sleep Medicine Clinics

473

267

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Mounting evidence shows the frequency of SDB is much higher in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women [ 2 – 6 ]. Snoring is reported as one of the most common symptoms observed among people with SDB [ 7 ], and increasing of upper airway resistance and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are regarded as SDB characteristics [ 8 ]. Pregnancy physiology predisposes women to the development of airflow limitations during sleep, and sleep-disordered breathing such as snoring and OSA increases the risk of airflow limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Snoring May Predict Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Cohort Study in China

Tao

Huang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of snoring during pregnancy and its effects on key pregnancy outcomes.MethodsPregnant women were consecutively recruited in their first trimester. Habitual snoring was screened by using a questionnaire in the 1st and 3rd trimester, respectively. According to the time of snoring, participants were divided into pregnancy onset snorers, chronic snorers and non-snorers. Logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations between snoring and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsOf 3 079 pregnant women, 16.6% were habitual snorers, with 11.7% were pregnancy onset snorers and 4.9% were chronic snorers. After adjusting for potential confounders, chronic snorers were independently associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (RR 1.66, 95%CI 1.09–2.53). Both pregnancy onset and chronic snorers were independently associated with placental adhesion (RR 1.96, 95%CI 1.17–3.27, and RR 2.33, 95%CI 1.22–4.46, respectively). Pregnancy onset snorers were at higher risk of caesarean delivery (RR 1.37, 95%CI 1.09–1.73) and having macrosomia (RR 1.54, 95%CI 1.05–2.27) and large for gestational age (LGA) (RR 1.71, 95%CI 1.31–2.24) infants. In addition, being overweight or obese before pregnancy plays an important role in mediating snoring and adverse pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsMaternal snoring may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and being overweight or obese before pregnancy with snoring is remarkable for researchers. Further studies are still needed to confirm our results.

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“…Although these disturbances may arise as a consequence of numerous physiologic and hormonal changes accompanying pregnancy, it is important for clinicians to consider the possible presence of primary sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD), such as snoring and sleep apnea [5]. Sleep apnea, snoring, and excessive sleepiness are identified as the most frequently sleep disturbances among pregnant women.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores and adverse pregnancy outcomes

2013

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Sleep disturbances generally increase with the onset of pregnancy and continue to increase in frequency as pregnancy progresses [1][2][3][4]. Although these disturbances may arise as a consequence of numerous physiologic and hormonal changes accompanying pregnancy, it is important for clinicians to consider the possible presence of primary sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD), such as snoring and sleep apnea [5]. Sleep apnea, snoring, and excessive sleepiness are identified as the most frequently sleep disturbances among pregnant women. There is conflictive evidence in regard to whether sleep-disordered breathing increases in prevalence during pregnancy, but existing research indicates that such disorders may enhance the risk of potentially adverse maternal-fetal outcomes by increasing the likelihood of preterm birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes [6].In this issue of Sleep and Breathing, Ghada Bourjeily and colleagues of The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University in their paper "Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores and adverse pregnancy outcomes" tried to investigate whether excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in snorers and non-snorers contributed to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, or mode of delivery. The authors found that there is an increased association between pregnant women with higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score and planned caesarean delivery. Although retrospective, this study extends previous observations that EDS and snoring are risk factors for gestational diabetes by showing that when higher cut off values of ESS were used, the risk of gestational diabetes was significantly elevated and sevenfold higher than women below the cutoff point, even after adjusting for confounders. However, in this study, neither gestational diabetes nor hypertensive disorder was associated with EDS, when EDS was defined as an ESS >10.In the literature, studies that address SRBD in pregnant women are scarce with the only available data come from case studies, case series, small cohort studies, and a few small longitudinal studies. As no large population-based epidemiological studies have been performed, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in pregnant women is not known. Previously, the same authors found that snoring, gasping, and apneas, all three symptoms of SRBD, were associated with higher mean ESS scores [7]. Furthermore, they found that these symptoms are common in pregnancy and associated with a higher likelihood of gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and unplanned caesarean deliveries [8]. The question, therefore, that arises is whether EDS assessed by ESS increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this new study, Bourjeily et al. attempted to answer this question. However, the fact that their major findings were that EDS was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes both in snorers and in non-snorers but severe EDS (ESS >16) increases the risk of gestational diabetes is still not clea...

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Sleep apnea and pregnancy. An association worthy of study

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Sleep, Health, and Society

Sleep, Health, and Society

Maternal Snoring May Predict Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Cohort Study in China

Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores and adverse pregnancy outcomes

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