“…Prior to elective surgery, routine screening of surgical risk factors should be performed in consultation with primary care practitioners. Providers can counsel patients with nonmodifiable risk factors 1 , 2 , 20 , 33 , 70 regarding their increased risk of perioperative complications and comprehensively evaluate for modifiable risk factors 14 , 29 , 61 , 62 , 87 , 92 , 94 so that the appropriate interventions can be prescribed. Nonmodifiable risk factors include older age, chronic medical conditions, heart disease, lung disease, vascular disease, neuropathy, and kidney disease.…”