“…Lifespan decreases as the magnitude of circadian period length deviation from the 24-hour cycle increases in rodents, and primate species (Kerkhof, 1985; Partonen, 2013; Wyse et al, 2010). Evening preference is associated with several psychosocial and psychopathological issues (Fabbian et al, 2016; Fares et al, 2015; Haregu et al, 2015; Merikanto et al, 2016; Rose et al, 2015; Voinescu et al, 2012), including depression (Abe et al, 2011; Antypa et al, 2016; Chan et al, 2014; Chelminski et al, 1999; Drennan et al, 1991; Gaspar-Barba et al, 2009; Hidalgo et al, 2009; Kitamura et al, 2010; Levandovski et al, 2011; Merikanto et al, 2015; Merikanto et al, 2013; Muller et al, 2015; Reid et al, 2012), bipolar disorder (Ahn et al, 2008; Giglio et al, 2010; Jeong Jeong et al, 2015; Mansour et al, 2005; Melo et al, 2016; Seleem et al, 2015; Wood et al, 2009), and substance use (Adan, 1994; Barclay et al, 2013; Broms et al, 2011; Hasler et al, 2013; Kervran et al, 2015; Lemoine et al, 2013; Reid et al, 2012; Sivertsen et al, 2015). …”