Sleep and Dream Patterns of Child Schizophrenics

ONHEIBER, PHYLLIS

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720360040007

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Sleep disturbances are a common symptom of psychotic and hallucinatory disorders (Benca et al, 1992 ;Benson and Zarcone, 1993 ;Keshavan et al, 1990 ;Monti and Monti, 2004 ;Onheiber et al, 1965 ;Stern et al, 1969). For example, schizophrenia patients exhibit an erratic sleep profile, with hyposomnia and deficits in both rapid eye movement (REM) and slowwave sleep (Lauer et al, 1997 ;Monti and Monti, 2004 ;Neylan et al, 1992 ;Tandon et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep deprivation disrupts prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex: reversal by antipsychotic drugs

Frau

Orrù

Puligheddu

et al. 2008

Int. J. Neuropsychopharm.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sleep deprivation (SD) is known to induce perceptual impairments, ranging from perceptual distortion to hallucinatory states. Although this phenomenon has been extensively described in the literature, its neurobiological underpinnings remain elusive. In rodents, SD induces a series of behavioural patterns that might be reflective of psychosis and mania, such as hyperlocomotion and sensitization to psychotogenic drugs. Notably, such changes are accompanied by transitory alterations of dopaminergic signalling. Based on the hypothesis that both psychotic and manic disorders reflect gating impairments, the present study was aimed at the assessment of the impact of SD on the behavioural model of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, a reliable paradigm for the study of informational filtering. Rats subjected to SD (24 h, 48 h, 72 h) exhibited a time-dependent increase in startle reflex and a dramatic deficit in PPI. Both alterations were reversed 24 h after termination of the SD period. Interestingly, PPI disruption was efficiently prevented by haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) clozapine (5 mg/kg i.p.) and risperidone (1 mg/kg i.p.). Conversely, neither the anxiolytic diazepam (5 mg/kg i.p.) nor the antidepressant citalopram (5 mg/kg i.p) affected the PPI disruption mediated by SD, although diazepam reversed the enhancement in startle reflex magnitude induced by this manipulation. Our data suggest that SD induces gating deficits that might be relevant to the hallucinatory phenomena observed in humans, and provide a novel reliable animal model where such relationship can be studied.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep deprivation disrupts prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex: reversal by antipsychotic drugs

Frau

Orrù

Puligheddu

et al. 2008

Int. J. Neuropsychopharm.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Later, however, Dement stated that they had miscalculated and that the REM time during the psychotic episode in this patient had in fact decreased (31). Other studies, however, have failed to show a significant increase in dreamtime either in schizophrenic adults or children (43,94,98,116,117,131 The effect of treatment involves a restoration of the normal amount of sleep as well as proportion of stage 4 sleep. During the recovery there may be an increase of REM sleep (63).…”

Section: Sleep Patterns In Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and Psychiatric Disorder

Ja¹

1968

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A review of some of the important recent findings on sleep and its disorders has been presented and they provide some insight into the mysterious process of sleep. Sleep is shown to be a very complex process which will require not only extension of the current researches but a revised approach into the areas covered by previous studies. Sleep is a unique state quite different from other phenomena of loss or change of consciousness. It is distinguished from hypnosis which may involve more the specific arousal system of the thalamus. Hypnotic blindness for example does not involve sleep changes but rather a reversal of the electrical activity of the visual cortex (38). Although there appears to be a system which alerts the sleeping organism to meaningful stimuli it seems that there is little evidence of significant new learning during sleep (12, 120, 153). Rather sleep involves the focusing of the activity of the central nervous system on its internal processes. Sleep produces a state of relative bodily inactivity but the central nervous system remains actively engaged in a restorative process not yet understood. The discovery of the REM state has shown the complexity of sleep. No study of the effect of physical or chemical stimuli on the nervous system during sleep will be adequate without the examination of effects and responses in the different phases of sleep. The lack of success of continuous sleep therapy may be in part due to suppression of REM sleep by the sedatives used (23). It should be stated, however, that clinical studies are also needed to supplement the more sophisticated and expensive scientific procedures. There are still many areas of controversy on the phenomenology of sleep disorder which need investigation.

show abstract

“…What has generally been considered unique about the form of dreams is their reliance on primary process as a mode of expression. Yet, many psycho tics are flooded with primary process all day long without, as Dement and others (Dement, 1955;Onheiber, White, DeMeyer, & Ottinger, 1965;Ornitz, Ritvo, & Walter, 1965) have shown, any deviation from the normal in amount, percentage, or distribution of their nightly dream time. And, although the schizophrenic's waking state has often been compared with that of the dreamer, physiological correlates of dreaming are not even transi-torily present in their waking EEC, eye movement, or electromyographic records (Rechtschaffen, Schulsinger, & Mednick, 1964).…”

Section: Psychological Effects Of Dream Deprivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dream function reconsidered.

Lerner¹

1967

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This report is an attempt to show why traditional Freudian views on the function of dreaming appear to be inadequate in the light of recent psychophysiological findings. It suggests a new theory of dream function which is an outgrowth of Herman Rorschach's notions on dreaming, and has to do with the relations between kinesthetic fantasy, body image, and ego integrity. Evidence for the theory is derived from 3 major sources: psychophysiological research on sleep and dreams, Rorschach research, and sensory-deprivation studies. An attempt is made to integrate this evidence, underlining a common core of findings and indicating its relation to the proposed theory.

show abstract

Sleep and Dream Patterns of Child Schizophrenics

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Sleep deprivation disrupts prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex: reversal by antipsychotic drugs

Sleep deprivation disrupts prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex: reversal by antipsychotic drugs

Sleep and Psychiatric Disorder

Dream function reconsidered.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About