Sleep and behavior of preschool children under typical and nap-promoted conditions

Spencer, Rebecca M. C.; Campanella, Carolina; Jong, Desiree M. de; Desrochers, Phillip C.; Root, Helen; Cremone, Amanda; Kurdziel, Laura B. F.

doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.12.009

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Sleep variables were derived from sleep episodes during day (i.e., naps) and night. These variables were averaged, excluding the day on which a nap was experimentally promoted (see Spencer et al, 2016). Sleep variables in the current analysis included: (1) 24-hour sleep duration, nap/daytime sleep duration, (3) overnight sleep duration, (4) sleep onset time, and (5) wake onset time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimenters checked actigraphs at these times, reminding those who had removed the actigraphs to wear them and checking for device failures. On two separate visits, children were nap and wake promoted (see Spencer et al, 2016). When children were nap promoted, an experimenter tried to keep the children calm and quiet during naptime to encourage them to nap.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Television use and its effects on sleep in early childhood

Helm

Spencer

2019

Sleep Health

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of television (TV) viewing and bedroom TV presence on young children's sleep as measured by actigraphy. Design: Analyses of covariance were run to examine differences in sleep duration and quality among children based on the presence of TVs in their bedrooms and the amount of TV watched. Setting: Recruited in preschools in Massachusetts; recorded ambulatory (in home, environs). Participants: Participants were 470 children between 33 and 71 months of age (M = 51.02). Measurements: Children were instructed to wear an actigraph watch for 16-days. Caregivers reported demographic information, completed behavior questionnaires, and answered questions regarding their child's TV use. Results: Children who watched more TV and had TVs in their bedroom displayed significantly shorter sleep duration and worse sleep, but they also napped significantly longer in the daytime. Nonetheless, total 24-hour sleep was shorter for those who watched more TV and had TVs in their bedroom compared to those who did not have TVs in their bedrooms or watch TV frequently. Children who had TVs in their bedrooms watched TV later at night, watched more adult TV programs, and had higher negative affect than children without TVs in their bedrooms. Conclusions: These findings suggest that TV use in young children does impact sleep duration and quality as measured by actigraphy, and daytime napping does not offset these negative impacts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Television use and its effects on sleep in early childhood

Helm

Spencer

2019

Sleep Health

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“…We hypothesized that children who ate fruits and vegetables more frequently would have higher-quality sleep, as evidenced by earlier sleep onset, longer sleep durations, and shorter nap durations. Conversely, we hypothesized that children who ate fast food or drank soda more frequently would have poorer sleep quality, as evidenced by later sleep onset, shorter sleep durations, and longer nap duration, due to the sometimes compensatory nature of napping in this age range (Spencer et al, 2016;Ward, Gay, Anders, Alkon, & Lee, 2008). Second, we explored the associations between different parenting styles and consumption of food groups that were found to be significantly associated with sleep quality measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unhealthy Diet Is Associated With Poor Sleep in Preschool-Aged Children

Holmes

Laurent

Spencer

2021

The Journal of Genetic Psychology

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Unhealthy dietary choices are associated with poor sleep in children through adults. Yet, how diet and sleep are related in early childhood, when diet is reliant on parent choices around food availability, is unknown. The authors aimed to explore how frequency of fruit, vegetable, fast food, and soda consumption are associated with preschool children's sleep quality. They also considered how parenting factors may impact the relationship between children's sleep and diet. Actigraphy data were collected from 383 children 33-70 months old. Caregivers reported on child food and beverage frequency, demographics, and health items. Parenting strategies were assessed using the Parenting Scale. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between sleep and dietary measures with socioeconomic status, race-ethnicity, physical activity, and body mass index as covariates. Shorter nap duration was associated with more frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables (B ¼ -3.6, p ¼ .03). Shorter nighttime and 24-hr sleep durations were associated with more frequent consumption of fast food (B ¼ -6.5, p ¼ .01; B ¼ -5.8, p ¼ .01). Shorter nighttime sleep and later sleep onset were associated with more frequent soda consumption (B ¼ -9.2, p ¼ .01; B ¼ 0.23, p ¼ .001). Use of ineffective parenting strategies was negatively associated with fruit and vegetable consumption (r ¼ -.29, p ¼ .01) and positively associated with soda consumption (r ¼ .25, p ¼ .02) but was unrelated to sleep measures. Thus, ineffective parenting strategies may underlie child access to unhealthy foods, which, in turn, contributes to poor sleep. Encouraging healthier dietary habits and educating caregivers on how to reinforce such practices may lead to better sleep outcomes in early childhood.

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“…The positive association between nap frequency and 24-h sleep in our study may seem intuitive (i.e., the more a child naps, the more sleep they will obtain). However, in an previous examination of a subset of the sample used in the current study exploring the associations between nap frequency and nap promotion with other sleep parameters, it was noted that although children that nap more frequently had longer overnight sleep duration, 24-h sleep duration did not differ between nap frequency groups [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Sectional Associations of 24-Hour Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Sleep Duration Compositions with Sleep Quality and Habits in Preschoolers

Laurent

Burkart

Rodheim

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Although some studies indicate physical activity and sleep quality are positively associated in children, most reports examined physical activity independent of other 24-h behaviors and focused on older children. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the predicted changes in sleep efficiency and habits when reallocating time between movement behaviors using compositional isotemporal substitution in preschool-aged children. Accelerometers were worn by 288 participants (51.6 ± 9.5 months) for up to 16 days. Sleep outcomes included sleep efficiency, nap frequency, sleep disturbances, and bedtime resistance. Compositional isotemporal substitution analyses demonstrated that the combined effect of 24-h movement behaviors was associated with sleep efficiency (p < 0.001) and nap frequency (p < 0.003). When sleep increased by 30 min at the expense of stationary time or light physical activity, estimates of sleep efficiency and bedtime resistance decreased while nap frequency increased. When stationary time increased by 30 min from moderate to vigorous physical activity, estimated sleep efficiency increased and sleep disturbances decreased. Although this study presents preliminary evidence that 24-h movement behavior compositions in early childhood are associated with sleep quality and nap frequency, estimated effects from theoretical time reallocations across sleep outcomes were mixed.

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Sleep and behavior of preschool children under typical and nap-promoted conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Television use and its effects on sleep in early childhood

Television use and its effects on sleep in early childhood

Unhealthy Diet Is Associated With Poor Sleep in Preschool-Aged Children

Cross-Sectional Associations of 24-Hour Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Sleep Duration Compositions with Sleep Quality and Habits in Preschoolers

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