Columbia University Library began collecting Slavic and East European materials in the early years of the twentieth century, long before most universities in North America. Its collections of materials from and about the region slightly predate its academic programs on the area, but today the university and its libraries are, separately and collectively, widely considered outstanding resources advancing scholarship on the region. This article discusses the origins and development of the library's collections, acquisitions and exchanges, special projects for preservation and description, and the key personnel who shaped the collections and services.