Slag Metallurgy and Metallurgical Waste Recycling

Solvometallurgical recovery of cobalt from lithium-ion battery cathode materials using deep-eutectic solvents

“…2,7 Popular cobalt-containing cathode materials are lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) and mixed nickel manganese cobalt oxide. 2,5,[8][9][10] Since cobalt is a critical metal, development of efficient recycling processes for recovery of cobalt from end-of-life LIBs becomes important and could decrease the environmental impact of mining and dependence of geopolitical unstable countries. [11][12][13][14][15] Hydrometallurgical recycling routes comprise dismantling of the LIBs and separation of the main components as the first processing steps, followed by thermal treatment and/or dissolution steps to recover cobalt and other valuable metals.…”

Separation of iron(iii), zinc(ii) and lead(ii) from a choline chloride–ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent by solvent extraction

“…1 Another example is the fayalite slag from primary copper production, which usually contains 40% iron, 0.8% copper, 0.25% lead and 3% zinc. 2,3 Both wastes also contain other valuable metals such as scandium, cobalt and nickel, which prompted several industries and research groups to investigate their recovery. 4,5 Furthermore, elements such as lead, copper and zinc are hazardous and it is important to remove them from the waste prior to disposal.…”

“…4,5 Furthermore, elements such as lead, copper and zinc are hazardous and it is important to remove them from the waste prior to disposal. 1,2,6 Thus, reprocessing of secondary waste streams avoids the stockpiling of environmentally harmful elements and can cause the recovery of relatively valuable metals.…”

Recovery of zinc from zinc oxide dust containing multiple metal elements by carbothermal reduction

“…Additionally, ZOD has different levels of undesirable elements, fluorine and chlorine 4 . Wasting the vast quantities of valuable secondary resources in ZOD takes up space that could instead be used for farmland, and severely pollutes the surrounding environment 10 . ZOD offers considerable recycling value and is profitable for smelting plants.…”