Slag-Metal Emulsions and Their Importance in BOF Steelmaking

Meyer, Hinrich‐Wilhelm; Porter, W. F.; Smith, G. C.; Szekely, J.

doi:10.1007/bf03378731

Cited by 46 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…[1] In summary, it consists of a Fe-0.2 wt pct P alloy, which was reacted with a slag IMPHOS [45] inside pilot converter, special lance 16 to 6360 Resch [46] paused and tilted converter 50 to 2000 Tokovoi et al [47] upper slag/metal emulsion 1000 to 2500 Cicutti [21] inside full converter, special lance 230 to 3350 Koria et al [48] slashed liquid outside crucible 40 to 70,000 Baptizmanskii et al [49] cutting hole in crucible wall 50 to 18000 Meyer [50] through tap hole, outside converter 150 to 3320 Block et al [51] 50 to 150 mm above bulk bath inside converter 500 to 4000 Urquhart et al [52] inside full converter, special lance 63 to 2000 whose X-ray fluoroscopy (XRF) chemical analysis can be seen in Table III, this will be called S1.…”

Section: A Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Cause of Spontaneous Emulsification of a Free Steel Droplet; Validation of the Chemical Exchange Pathway

Spooner

Assis

Warnett

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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Small Fe-based droplets have been heated to a molten phase suspended within a slag medium to replicate a partial environment within the basic oxygen furnace (BOF). The confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) has been used as a heating platform to interrogate the effect of impurities and their transfer across the metal/slag interface, on the emulsification of the droplet into the slag medium. The samples were then examined through X-ray computer tomography (XCT) giving the mapping of emulsion dispersion in 3D space, calculating the changing of interfacial area between the two materials, and changes of material volume due to material transfer between metal and slag. Null experiments to rule out thermal gradients being the cause of emulsification have been conducted as well as replication of the previously reported study by Assis et al. [1] which has given insights into the mechanism of emulsification. Finally chemical analysis was conducted to discover the transfer of oxygen to be the cause of emulsification, leading to a new study of a system with undergoing oxygen equilibration.

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Section: A Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Cause of Spontaneous Emulsification of a Free Steel Droplet; Validation of the Chemical Exchange Pathway

Spooner

Assis

Warnett

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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show abstract

“…2) The formation of cavity is a typical character of the interaction and has been largely investigated. The cavity dimension, which is closely related to the interfacial area in actual production, 136) is influenced by nozzle diameter and angle, lance height, oxygen pressure, flow rate, slag properties, etc. [13][14][15]41,43,76,99,137) The operating parameters such as oxygen pressure and lance height have a much bigger impact on the cavity formation compared to the slag properties.…”

Section: Stirring and Mixing Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Multiphase Flows in a Converter

et al. 2018

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“…There are several high temperature experimental results available in the literature, in which the amount of metal in the emulsion is measured in a real BOF process. [8,9,11,20] In the recent study by IMPHOS [20] in a 6 tonne pilot scale converter, it was observed that the estimated droplet mass in emulsion calculated by using blowing number correlation only accounts for ~0.25% of hot metal weight as compared to experimentally observed value of ~21% during the entire blowing period. In addition, the authors reported that the ejected hot metal predicted from the Subagyo's correlation is not sufficient to explain the observed phosphorus removal rate in slag-metal emulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The existence of large quantities of these small sized drops generated from splashing along with their bloating behaviour in slag-metal-gas emulsion creates a large interfacial area, that in part explains the fast refining kinetics of reactions in a BOF. [8][9][10][11] In the recent past, several researchers attempted to simulate the physical phenomena of refining process inside the BOF by use of computational models. Those models include capturing the complex dynamic events associated with the process such as cavity formation, droplet generation [12][13] , bloating of droplets in slag-metal emulsion [14] for simulating the overall reaction kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Droplet Generation in a Top Blowing Steelmaking Process

Rout

Brooks

Subagyo

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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Quantification of metal droplets ejected due to impinging gas jet on the surface of liquid metal is an important parameter for the understanding and for the modelling of the refining kinetics of reactions in slag-metal emulsion zone. In the present work a numerical study has been carried out to critically examine the applicability of droplet generation rate correlation previously proposed by Subagyo et al. on the basis of dimensionless blowing number (NB). The blowing number was re-evaluated at the impingement point of jet with taking into account for the temperature effect of change in density and velocity of the gas jet. The result obtained from the work shows that the modified blowing number NB,T at the furnace temperature of 1873K (1600 °C) is found to be approximately double in magnitude compared to NB calculated by Subagyo and co-workers. When NB,T has been employed to the Subagyo's empirical correlation for droplet generation, a wide mismatch is observed between the experimental data obtained from cold model and hot model experiments. The reason for this large deviation has been investigated in the current study and a theoretical approach to estimate the droplet generation rate has been proposed. The suitability of the proposed model has been tested by numerically calculating the amount of metals in slag. The study shows that the weight of metals in emulsion falls in the range of 0 to 21 wt pct of hot metal weight when droplet generation rate has been calculated at ambient furnace temperature of 1873K (1600 °C).

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Slag-Metal Emulsions and Their Importance in BOF Steelmaking

Cited by 46 publications

References 1 publication

Investigation into the Cause of Spontaneous Emulsification of a Free Steel Droplet; Validation of the Chemical Exchange Pathway

Investigation into the Cause of Spontaneous Emulsification of a Free Steel Droplet; Validation of the Chemical Exchange Pathway

Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Multiphase Flows in a Converter

Modeling of Droplet Generation in a Top Blowing Steelmaking Process

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