Skyrmion‐Excited Spin‐Wave Fractal Networks

Abstract

Magnetic skyrmions exhibit unique, technologically relevant pseudo‐particle behaviors which arise from their topological protection, including well‐defined, 3D dynamic modes that occur at microwave frequencies. During dynamic excitation, spin waves are ejected into the interstitial regions between skyrmions, creating the magnetic equivalent of a turbulent sea. However, since the spin waves in these systems have a well‐defined length scale, and the skyrmions are on an ordered lattice, ordered structures from spin‐wave interference can precipitate from the chaos. This work uses small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) to capture the dynamics in hybrid skyrmions and investigate the spin‐wave structure. Performing simultaneous ferromagnetic resonance and SANS, the diffraction pattern shows a large increase in low‐angle scattering intensity, which is present only in the resonance condition. This scattering pattern is best fit using a mass fractal model, which suggests the spin waves form a long‐range fractal network. The fractal structure is constructed of fundamental units with a size that encodes the spin‐wave emissions and are constrained by the skyrmion lattice. These results offer critical insights into the nanoscale dynamics of skyrmions, identify a new dynamic spin‐wave fractal structure, and demonstrate SANS as a unique tool to probe high‐speed dynamics.

Skyrmion lattice formation and destruction mechanisms probed with TR-SANS

“…Chiral spin textures have been the focus of intense research in condensed matter physics due to their unconventional struc-ture, their resulting field response and their magnetic dynamics. [1][2][3] Among these magnetic structures, skyrmions have been a recent focus due to their non-trivial topology and associated quasiparticle behaviors. [4][5][6] The structure of the skyrmion can be generally described as a continuous coplanar wrapping of the magnetic moments, with a core and fencing perimeter that are oriented in opposite out-of-plane directions.…”