Sky-View Factor as a Relief Visualization Technique

Zakšek, Klemen; Oštir, Krištof; Kokalj, Žiga

doi:10.3390/rs3020398

Cited by 435 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Sky-View Factor (SVF) is an illumination technique based on the calculation of the visible sky from each position [18,19], used in urban areas but also in geomorphological mapping and archaeological remains detection. Positive and Negative Openness (OPPOS and OPNEG) are also illumination techniques based on the degree of openness of the relief at one point, used successfully in geomorphology and archaeology [32,33].…”

Section: Processing Derived Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Highest Gradient Model: A New Method for Analytical Assessment of the Efficiency of LiDAR-Derived Visualization Techniques for Landform Detection and Mapping

et al. 2017

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ALS-derived raster visualization techniques have become common in recent years, opening up new possibilities for subtle landform detection in earth sciences and archaeology, but they have also introduced confusion for users. As a consequence, the choice between these visualization techniques is still mostly supported by empirical knowledge. Some attempts have been made to compare these techniques, but there is still a lack of analytical data. This work proposes a new method, based on gradient modelling and spatial statistics, to analytically assess the efficacy of these visualization techniques. A selected panel of outstanding visualization techniques was assessed first by a classic non-analytical approach, and secondly by the proposed new analytical approach. The comparison of results showed that the latter provided more detailed and objective data, not always consistent with previous empirical knowledge. These data allowed us to characterize with precision the terrain for which each visualization technique performs best. A combination of visualization techniques based on DEM manipulation (Slope and Local Relief Model) appeared to be the best choice for normal terrain morphometry, occasionally supported by illumination techniques such as Sky-View Factor or Negative Openness as a function of terrain characteristics.

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Section: Processing Derived Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Highest Gradient Model: A New Method for Analytical Assessment of the Efficiency of LiDAR-Derived Visualization Techniques for Landform Detection and Mapping

et al. 2017

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“…DEMs or DSMs can then be represented in a variety of ways, including shaded relief maps (hill shades), image maps (images where the changes in elevation are represented by a color gradient), 3D models, and contour maps among the most traditional ways; and local relief model (LRM) [57], sky view factor (SVF) [61], openness plots [62] and "fish-bone" plots [63] among many new ways proposed for archaeological applications to highlight the natural and manmade features of the terrain. The shaded relief map [64] is perhaps the most common visualization technique for elevation rasters.…”

Section: Data Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Now You See It… Now You Don’t: Understanding Airborne Mapping LiDAR Collection and Data Product Generation for Archaeological Research in Mesoamerica

et al. 2014

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Abstract:In this paper we provide a description of airborne mapping LiDAR, also known as airborne laser scanning (ALS), technology and its workflow from mission planning to final data product generation, with a specific emphasis on archaeological research. ALS observations are highly customizable, and can be tailored to meet specific research needs. Thus it is important for an archaeologist to fully understand the options available during planning, collection and data product generation before commissioning an ALS survey, to ensure the intended research questions can be answered with the resultant data products. Also this knowledge is of great use for the researcher trying to understand the quality and limitations of existing datasets collected for other purposes. Throughout the paper we use examples from archeological ALS projects to illustrate the key concepts of importance for the archaeology researcher.

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“…According to Zaksek et al [61], Sky View Factor (SVF) is a new relief visualization technique based on diffuse, rather than direct, illumination, corresponding to a portion of visible sky limited by relief, and it can be used to show relief characteristics. It can be helpful in archaeology, as it improves the recognition of small-scale features from high resolution DEMs.…”

Section: Heritage Visualization Menumentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Astronomy Demonstrator: Assessment of the Appropriate Sites through a GIS Open Source Application

Duarte

Teodoro

Maia

et al. 2016

IJGI

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Abstract:In the framework of Portuguese radio astronomical capacitation towards participation in the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) project, a site was selected for radio astronomical testing purposes and the development of a radio astronomical infrastructure. The site is within Herdade da Contenda (HC), a large national forest perimeter, located in Alentejo (Portugal). In order to minimize the impacts in the ecosystem and landscape, an application based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) open source environment was created, the HC Environmental Integrated Management System. This application combines several functionalities and menus with different characterization methods allowing the creation of multiple maps regarding the HC characteristics, such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), groundwater vulnerability, erosion risk, flood risk and forest fire risk. Other geographical information can be added if necessary (human heritage visualization and fauna and flora). A decision making support tool was also developed. It incorporates an algorithm running through a series of assigned weights and eliminatory factors to find the locations best suited for the infrastructure with minimal impact to the local ecosystem. In order to test the application and the decision making tool, several maps were used as input in order to decide which sites are more adequate. The application developed can be adopted for other protected or natural areas.

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Sky-View Factor as a Relief Visualization Technique

Cited by 435 publications

References 41 publications

The Highest Gradient Model: A New Method for Analytical Assessment of the Efficiency of LiDAR-Derived Visualization Techniques for Landform Detection and Mapping

The Highest Gradient Model: A New Method for Analytical Assessment of the Efficiency of LiDAR-Derived Visualization Techniques for Landform Detection and Mapping

Now You See It… Now You Don’t: Understanding Airborne Mapping LiDAR Collection and Data Product Generation for Archaeological Research in Mesoamerica

Radio Astronomy Demonstrator: Assessment of the Appropriate Sites through a GIS Open Source Application

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