Skull base fractures: An institutional experience with review of literature

Wani, Abrar Ahad; Ramzan, Altaf; Raina, Tariq; Malik, Nayil K.; Nizami, Furqan A.; Qayoom, Abdul; Singh, Gurbinder

doi:10.1016/j.ijnt.2013.05.009

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…This has been implicated in approximately 4% of TBIs [ 3 ], and also accounts for about 19% of all skull fractures [ 11 ]. In addition, blunt trauma is accountable for over 90% of all SBF's [ 12 ], with most injuries located in the anterior fossa (51%) [ 13 ]. Faried et al, reported on the occurrence of around 69.4% of cases in the anterior fossa, while 27.5% was in the middle cranial fossa [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Faried et al, reported on the occurrence of around 69.4% of cases in the anterior fossa, while 27.5% was in the middle cranial fossa [ 14 ]. Mokolane et al described the center area as the most common target point, and is assumed as the weakest area, due to the presence of neurovascular foramina and thin bones [ 13 , 15 ]. However, the most frequently fractured spots, as observed in 14–22% of all cases were in the temporal bone or laterobasal fractures, resulting from high energy blunt impact [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Split hypoglossal facial anastomosis for facial nerve palsy due to skull base fractures: A case report

Prasetyo

Oley

2020

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The biomechanics of primary TBI involve a direct impact, practically extended to the base of the skull, and most of the skull base fractures (SBF) are identified in anterior and medial cranial fossa. Furthermore, those predicted in the medial area are related to fissures from temporal bones. Presentation of case We report two cases of right facial nerve palsy initiated by SBF's, which were diagnosed and treated at our institution. The 3D CT evaluation in our first case showed a longitudinal fracture of the right petrosal bone, which was longitudinal and transverse for the second case. Two cases of facial nerve palsy were managed with split hypoglossal facial anastomosis to restore functional reanimation. All patients were adequately achieved after the procedure, and the hypoglossal nerve function was preserved. Conclusion Split hypoglossal facial anastomosis technique was used to treat patients with facial nerve paralysis resulting from SBF's. This was to achieve good recovery outcome, in terms of facial reanimation and preservation of tongue function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Split hypoglossal facial anastomosis for facial nerve palsy due to skull base fractures: A case report

Prasetyo

Oley

2020

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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“…The most common mechanisms of head injury are motor vehicle accidents (which account for 40% in both the adults and children), followed by falls, direct trauma by falling/penetrating ob jects, and assaults. 1,4 In the pediatric population, SBFs are caused by falls from heights (32%), falls on the ground (10%), falls related to sports (3%), and epi sodes of violence (8%) 4 (for the pediatric skull base traumatology, see page 876).…”

Section: ■ ■ Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 • SBFs can cause death or coma. They may be associated with immediate or delayed complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, possible men ingitis, and neurovascular damage (injury of arteries, dural sinuses, and/or cranial nerves).…”

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confidence: 99%

34 Skull Base Traumatology

Ieva¹,

Lee²,

Cusimano³

2016

Handbook of Skull Base Surgery

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“…Any fracture occurring in this region or propagating to this region is called basilar skull fracture [27]. BSF can be caused by direct impacts at the base of the skull or by remote impacts [28,29], such as craniofacial impacts, which frequently occur in motorcycle accidents [22] and can lead to BSF [30,31]. Cooter and David [30] postulated that the impact load due to the blows on the full-face helmet's chin bar can be transmitted to the base of skull via the chin strap and lead to BSF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Chin Bar of a Composite-Shell Helmet to Mitigate the Upper Neck Force

2016

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The chin bar of motorcycle full-face helmets is the most likely region of the helmet to sustain impacts during accidents, with a large percentage of these impacts leading to basilar skull fracture. Currently, helmet chin bars are designed to mitigate the peak acceleration at the centre of gravity of isolated headforms, as required by standards, but they are not designed to mitigate the neck force, which is probably the cause of basilar skull fracture, a type of head injury that can lead to fatalities. Here we test whether it is possible to increase the protection of helmet chin bars while meeting standard requirements. Fibre-reinforced composite shells are commonly used in helmets due to their lightweight and energy absorption characteristics. We optimize the ply orientation of a chin bar made of fibre-reinforced composite layers for reduction of the neck force in a dummy model using a computational approach. We use the finite element model of a human head/neck surrogate and measure the neck axial force, which has been shown to be correlated with the risk of basilar skull fracture. The results show that by varying the orientation of the chin bar plies, thus keeping the helmet mass constant, the neck axial force can be reduced by approximately 30% while ensuring that the helmet complies with the impact attenuation requirements prescribed in helmet standards. KeywordsHelmet, chin bar, upper neck force.

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Skull base fractures: An institutional experience with review of literature

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Split hypoglossal facial anastomosis for facial nerve palsy due to skull base fractures: A case report

Split hypoglossal facial anastomosis for facial nerve palsy due to skull base fractures: A case report

34 Skull Base Traumatology

Optimization of the Chin Bar of a Composite-Shell Helmet to Mitigate the Upper Neck Force

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