Skinfold measurements in children with cystic fibrosis: monitoring fat-free mass and exercise effects

Meer, K. de; Gulmans, Vincent; Westerterp, Klaas R.; Houwen, Roderick H. J.; Berger, Ruud

doi:10.1007/s004310051209

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…DXA was used in 56 studies (33.9%, see Tables and for details), whereas 12 studies (9.7%) used only BIA; 5 studies (4%) applied SF, and 5 other studies used the total body potassium counting method (TBK) . Three studies used ultrasound (ULT), , 3 studies used peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), 1 study used air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and 1 study used MRI .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, only a small number of studies (15%) had a longitudinal design, preventing us from proposing clear recommendations on the most reliable methods to monitor changes in BC; however, 9 of these studies found changes in FFM and FM, confirming the importance of long-term monitoring of BC in these patients to improve prognostic outcomes. 23,24,26,34,46,[51][52][53]55 In addition, 30% of the crosssectional studies aimed to identify the most reliable method to assess BC in these patients, and the results are, on the whole, discordant. Overall, DXA and BIA were the most frequent methods applied for the assessment of BC in patients with CF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…c Age median (published as abstracts) had a cross-sectional design, whereas 9 studies 16,21,34,43,44,[46][47][48][49] were longitudinal with a follow-up duration between 3 months and 10 years. The 84 articles (full texts) included only 9 studies with a longitudinal design with a follow-up duration between 1 and 4 years 23,24,26,[50][51][52][53][54][55] (Tables 2 and 3).…”

Section: Sample Size and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tools and Methods Used for the Assessment of Body Composition in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by changes in fat mass and lean body mass that may have important prognostic value. We aim to appraise the type and frequency of application of body composition (BC) methods in child and adult patients with CF. Methods We used 4 databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to perform the literature search. The search was conducted from January 2017 to February 2017. Two independent reviewers selected articles based on titles and abstracts to check eligibility for inclusion. All study designs or types of articles (abstract, full text) were considered. Results Eighty‐four full‐text articles and 40 studies presented only as abstracts were selected. Sixty‐four studies included children and adolescents (age range of 0.1–18 years), and 41 studies recruited adults (range of 18–57 years); 13 studies included both age groups. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used in 56 studies (33.9%), and bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) was used in 12 studies (9.7%), whereas 38 studies (30.6%) combined different methods (up to 5 different methods) to assess BC. Conclusions The results show a large variability in the application of BC methods in patients with CF that makes the comparison between studies difficult. The only methods with a sufficient body of literature are DXA and BIA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Size and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tools and Methods Used for the Assessment of Body Composition in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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“…Subscapular: Oblique fold was measured just below the bottom tip of the scapula. Suprailiac: Slightly oblique fold was measured just above the hipbone (crest of ileum); the fold follows the natural diagonal line (Gibson, 1990;Reilly et al, 1995;de Meer et al, 1999).…”

Section: Measurements (Skinfold Thickness)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore evaluated a method based on skinfold thickness and midarm measurements for estimating body composition. Traditionally, body fatness has been estimated for clinical or field use from measurements of skinfold thicknesses (de Meer et al, 1999;Schmelzle and Fusch, 2002), which correlate reasonably well with measurements by methods based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or D 2 O dilution (Pritchard et al, 1993;Salazar et al, 1994) in adults and older children. In the present study, we developed two new equations (one for boys and the other for girls) for preschool children using skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular), midarm circumference (MAC), and age by comparing the results derived from equations based on anthropometry (height and weight) and BIA methods, which were validated previously (Shaikh et al, 2002) in a small number of children and applied by us in preschool children from among the urban poor in India (Shaikh et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Empirically derived new equations for calculating body fat percentage based on skinfold thickness and midarm circumference in preschool Indian children

Shaikh

Mahalanabis

2004

American J Hum Biol

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We wanted to develop and apply new equations based on skinfold and midarm measurements for estimating %fat in preschool children suitable for field use. Prediction equations were developed on preschool-aged urban boys (n = 100) and girls (n = 84). Skinfolds at four sites and midarm measurements were regressed on %fat derived from equations based on height and weight and from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA; resistance at 50 kHz). These equations were applied: 1) to 12 children in whom the %fat was determined using D2O dilution, and 2) to 50 children in whom their %fat was derived using height-weight and BIA equations. The 95% limits of agreement (mean +/- 2 SD) for %fat derived by anthropometry and by new equations were within 1.7% in boys (r = 0.85; P < 0.001) and girls (r = 0.90; P < 0.001) and by BIA and new equations were within 1.5% in boys (r = 0.82; P < 0.001) and 2% in girls (r = 0.88; P < 0.001). For %fat measured by D2O dilution and new equations, 95% limits of agreement was within 1.3% (r = 0.98; P < 0.001). In 50 children 95% limits of agreement between anthropometry and new equations were within 1.8% in boys (r = 0.88; P < 0.001) and 1.4% in girls (r = 0.92; P < 0.001) and between BIA and new equations were within 1% in boys (r = 0.91; P < 0.001) and 1.5% in girls (r = 0.89; P < 0.001). The new equations for measuring %fat based on midarm circumference and skinfold measurements are rapid and accurate for South Asian children and should be useful for prediction of body composition and nutritional survey in field studies.

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Insulin‐Like Growth Factors and Leucine Kinetics During Exercise Training in Children With Cystic Fibrosis

Gulmans,

van der Laag,

Wattimena

et al. 2001

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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BackgroundLittle is known about the metabolic effects of exercise training in children with cystic fibrosis. The hypothesis for the current study was that in patients with declining clinical status, exercise increases circulating insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) and improves protein kinetics.MethodsThis was a prospective intervention study in 10 children with cystic fibrosis who participated in a structured isoenergetic exercise (cycling) training program for 3 months. Measurements of IGFs, protein kinetics (using intravenous [13C]‐1‐leucine tracer infusions) and nutritional balance studies were conducted at baseline and after 3 months.ResultsStandard deviation scores of plasma IGF‐I, IGF‐II, and IGF binding protein (BP)‐3 were all decreased at baseline (mean ± SE: −2.0 ± 0.2, −2.0 ± 0.2, −0.6 ± 0.2, respectively). IGF‐I and IGF‐II concentrations were significantly higher after exercise training (standard deviation scores −1.4 ± 0.3 and −1.3 ± 0.1, respectively; compared with baseline: one‐tailed t‐test P = 0.03 and 0.002). The standard deviation score of the IGF‐I/IGF BP‐3 ratio, an indicator of free IGF‐I in the circulation, normalized during exercise training (0.0 ± 0.6 vs. −1.3 ± 0.2 SD units at baseline, one‐tailed t‐test P = 0.04). There was no significant difference in protein intake and fasting protein breakdown, oxidation, and protein synthesis or in energy balance and fat absorption.ConclusionsThese results show that isoenergetic exercise training can be safely recommended to patients with cystic fibrosis. It provides a positive anabolic stimulus to IGF status but is not sufficient to adequately augment protein accretion in patients with diminished nutritional status.

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Skinfold measurements in children with cystic fibrosis: monitoring fat-free mass and exercise effects

Abstract: In children with cystic fibrosis, skinfold measurements are applicable to monitor fat free mass irrespective of clinical severity of the disease, and repeated measurements at intervals of 6 months are applicable to monitor changes in fat free mass during exercise training.

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Tools and Methods Used for the Assessment of Body Composition in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review

Tools and Methods Used for the Assessment of Body Composition in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review

Empirically derived new equations for calculating body fat percentage based on skinfold thickness and midarm circumference in preschool Indian children

Insulin‐Like Growth Factors and Leucine Kinetics During Exercise Training in Children With Cystic Fibrosis

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